Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the barrier for global TB elimination efforts with a lower treatment success rate. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) in DR-TB is a serious problem, causes mortality and morbidity for patients, and leads to wide spreading of DR-TB to their family and the wider community, as well as wasting health resources. Prevention and management of LTFU is crucial to reduce mortality, prevent further spread of DR-TB, and inhibit the development and transmission of more extensively drug-resistant strains of bacteria. A study about the factors associated with loss to follow-up is needed to develop appropriate strategies to prevent DR-TB patients become loss to follow-up. This study was conducted to identify the factors correlated with loss to follow-up in DR-TB patients, using questionnaires from the point of view of patients. Methods An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. Study subjects were all DR-TB patients who have declared as treatment success and loss to follow-up from DR-TB treatment. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information by interviewing the subjects as respondents. Obtained data were analyzed potential factors correlated with loss to follow-up in DR-TB patients. Results A total of 280 subjects were included in this study. Sex, working status, income, and body mass index showed a significant difference between treatment success and loss to follow-up DR-TB patients with p-value of 0.013, 0.010, 0.007, and 0.006, respectively. In regression analysis, factors correlated with increased LTFU were negative attitude towards treatment (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.3), limitation of social support (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0–1.2), dissatisfaction with health service (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.5–3.0)), and limitation of economic status (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0–1.2)). Conclusions Male patients, jobless, non-regular employee, lower income, and underweight BMI were found in higher proportion in LTFU patients. Negative attitude towards treatment, limitation of social support, dissatisfaction with health service, and limitation of economic status are factors correlated with increased LTFU in DR-TB patients. Non-compliance to treatment is complex, we suggest that the involvement and support from the combination of health ministry, labor and employment ministry, and social ministry may help to resolve the complex problems of LTFU in DR-TB patients.

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Corruption is a complex act of crime. Its complexity does not only deal with legal issue but also social, political, and cultural issues. Law approach is more widely used in the eradication of corruption because corruption is a matter of law. However, seeing a corruption as a matter of law issue is the way to simplify the problem. The complexity of corruption makes this issue is feasibly approached through a variety of perspectives, one of those is cultural approach. The aim of this research is to reveal the cultural obstacles in eradicating corruption in Indonesia as well as to describe cultural conditions which led to a massive corruption. Formal juridical approach in eradicating corruption is considered to be done in a large number although they did not show maximal results. Such massive corruption in Indonesia seems to draw a conclusion that corruption has become a culture of the citizens of our nation. It means that there is a variety of cultural symptoms which encourage the act of corruption performed easily in every institution. There is a low mentality culture in the heart of the corruptor to carry out the action. That is why; we need a strategy in order to eradicate the culture of corruption in Indonesia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri dan penyesuaian diri terhadap stres akademik pada mahasiswa masa pandemi. Perubahan saat pendemi tersebut menyebabkan mahasiswa mengalami stres akademik dan peneliti ingin mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh antara efikasi diri dan penyesuaian diri terhadap stress akademik. Stres akademik yang dikembangkan dari Sarafino and Smith dan faktor yang mempengaruhi stres akademik adalah salah satunya efikasi diri yang disusun oleh Bandura dan penyesuian diri menggunakan teori Baker. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang sedang menjalani perkuliahan secara daring/online. Metode penelitian menggunakan tipe penelitian kuantitatif dengan alat pengumpulan data menggunakan survei melalui Google Form. Dalam menganalisis data menggunakan SPSS 25 for windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan regresi menyebutkan bahwa terdapat 18,1% pengaruh secara bersamaan antara efikasi diri dan penyesuaian diri terhadap stres akademik. Sedangkan pengaruh antara efikasi diri terhadap stress akademik sebesar 68% dan penyesuaian diri terhadap stress akademik sebesar 10,8%.

Aim: The aims of the study were unravelling patients' health-seeking behaviour pathways to seek medication in healthcare facilities and key factors that determined patients' immediacy in seeking medical treatment. Method: By involving 5 pulmonary TB patients who were undertaking treatment at Pegirian Primary Health Centre, Surabaya, Indonesia, the research was carried out using an explorative qualitative research design, and the chosen data collection technique was semi-structured interview. Results:The research findings demonstrated that all participants showed five rather similar health-seeking behaviour sequences, such as: (a) defining symptoms; (b) asking laypeople opinions on symptoms; (c) undertaking non-medical treatment to reduce the symptoms; (d) taking laypeople's suggestions to visit healthcare facilities into consideration; (e) deciding to undergo treatment process. Several barriers that caused treatment delay were inaccurate symptom definition and poor health-related risk perception. Meanwhile, reinforcing factors were relatives' appeal to seek treatment, the existence of comorbid/previous diseases, access to healthcare facilities, and increasing perceived severity of the symptoms. Conclusion: Research findings showed that participants performed similar health-seeking pathways. Hindering factors that caused treatment delay were mostly related to cultural-based illness definition and knowledge. Research findings would be potentially beneficial to local primary healthcare for designing interventions that encourage patients to seek professional help and reduce treatment delay.