No abstract

Oral bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed antiresorptive drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, there are several adverse effects associated with oral bisphosphonates including the bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). With a better understanding of this side effect, reported incidences for BRONJ in oral bisphosphonate users have increased in time. The pathogenesis of BRONJ has not been well determined. Several risk factors such as dentoalveolar surgery, therapy duration, and concomitant steroid usage have been linked to BRONJ. Conservative and surgical methods can be preferred in the treatment. Preventative measures are of great importance for the patients at high risk. In this paper, osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to oral bisphosphonates was reviewed in order to increase awareness as well as to renew the current knowledge.

In conclusion, KT in combination with counseling and exercise is more effective than counseling and exercise alone in TMDs.

Vitamin D insufficiency affects physical, social and mental functions of osteoporosis patients and impairs QOL. Vitamin D was found to be one of the factors affecting QOL.

Sleep impairment is a common clinical condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There are several confounding factors for poor sleep quality including inflammation, pain, comorbidities, and medications. Consequences of impaired sleep vary within a wide spectrum, as well. These include exacerbated inflammation and inflammation-related symptoms, mental and physical fatigue, mood disorders, daytime sleepiness, and poor quality of life. Sleep impairment in rheumatoid arthritis and its association with disease-related variables including health-related quality of life have been studied several times in the literature. Therefore, it would be of value to review the existing data on the crosstalk between sleep and rheumatoid arthritis. In the present article, the mechanism, confounders, and consequences of this association will be reviewed in detail. The evaluation of sleep impairment in rheumatoid arthritis along with the potential management strategies will be discussed.