Purpose:  To find out the factors predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from October 2017 to April 2018. Methods:  After approval from ethical review committee 117 patients presenting with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were included in the study. A detailed history was taken including previous surgery and trauma. Complete ocular examination was performed including dilated fundus examination. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviation were computed for quantitative variable i.e. age and frequency. Percentages were calculated for qualitative variables i.e. gender, eye involved, lattice degeneration, trauma and intraocular surgery. Stratification was done with regards to age, gender, eye involved to see the effect of these modifiers on individual factor (lattice degeneration, trauma, intraocular surgery) by using chi square test and considering p value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results:  There were 117 patients including 91 males and 26 females. Sixty four were right eyes and fifty three were left eyes. Mean age was 37.30 ± 8.97 years. Lattice Degeneration was observed in 29.1% patents, Trauma was 37.6% and intraocular surgery was observed in 33.3% patients. There was a significant association of age with trauma (p = 0.045) and intraocular surgery (p = 0.001), which had statistically significant association with RRD. Conclusion:  Intraocular surgery, trauma were significantly associated with age and RRD. However, although lattice degeneration is an established risk factors for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment it was not associated with increased age. Key Words:  Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, Lattice Degeneration, Trauma, Intraocular Surgery.

Purpose:  To find out functional and anatomical outcomes of 23-G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade (C3F8/SF6) for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD). Study Design:  Quasi Experimental Study. Place and Duration of Study:  Liaquat National Hospital Karachi Ophthalmology department, from October 2020 to April 2021. Methods:  Fifty-five eyes of 55 patients with RRD were included in the study by convenient sampling. The patients underwent 23-G PPV with gas tamponade under general anesthesia. Anatomical and functional results were evaluated in the form of retinal attachment and change in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Frequency of complications were also assessed. An average follow up period was 6 months. Results:  Out of 55 patients, 32.7% were males and 67.3% were females. Mean age of the patients was 49.14 ± 17.11 years ranging from 17 years to 79 years. Four quadrants were involved in 36.4% of the patients. Among 55 eyes, 40% were phakic and 60% were pseudophakic. Only 4 (7.3%) patients needed redo procedure. Mean pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity was 2.52 ± 0.67 and 0.80 ± 0.66 with a significant mean difference of 1.71. Anatomical success was seen in 92.7% of patients. Conclusion:  Anatomical success and improvement in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is achievable with 23-G PPV with expansible gas used as internal tamponade in the treatment of RRD.

ABSTRACT Background: Glaucoma is a 2ndleading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Primary surgical procedures include trabeculectomy with or without anti-metabolites, as well as glaucoma drainage devices. Cycloablation lowers IOP by destruction of ciliary body epithelium and stroma, thus reducing aqueous production. Objective: To determine effectiveness of micropulse mp3 cyclodiode laser in controlling intraocular pressure without acetazolamide. Study design: Descriptive case series study Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi for 6 months duration Material and Methods: In our study total 98 patients of either gender with age 20 to 50 years, following inclusion criteria (Chronic open angle glaucoma, Neovascular, Refractory, Uveitic, Trauma induced glaucoma, and Post vitrectomy induced glaucoma) and exclusion criteria (Primary angle closure and Normal tension glaucoma) were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables. Quantitative variables were presented as mean±standard deviation. The mean baseline IOP was compared with mean IOP of 3 months using student t-test. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification. Fisher exact test was used to see the association of effectiveness with stratified groups. P-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Among total 98 patients, 63.3% were male and 36.7% were female. Mean age was 48.46±13.39 years. The effectiveness of Micropulse Mp3 Cyclodiode Laser was observed in 85.7% cases. Significant mean difference was found for pre-op IOP with IOP after 3 months for right eye and left eye. Insignificant association of effectiveness was found with gender, age, type and procedure. Conclusion: Micro pulse MP3 appears to be a promising, safe alternative procedure with potential advantages as well as high level of effectiveness. Keywords: Micropulse Mp3 Cyclodiode Laser, Intraocular Pressure, Acetazolamide