Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have created a critical need for the development of natural antibacterials from a biological source. This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus (Artocarpus heterophyllus, A. champeden, and A. camansi) against MRSA which are the most prevalent causes of infections in patients. Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against MRSA. The antibacterial activity against MRSA of the three extracts was assayed in vitro by the agar well diffusion assay and agar microdilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antibacterial activity, calculated as a zone of inhibition and MIC, MBC values. The Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus showed antibacterial activity against the MRSA in the agar well diffusion assay (1.5-9 mm inhibition diameter). The MIC value of extract showed at 15.62 mg/mL and the MBC value of seed extract of A. heterophyllus at 62.5 mg/mL, A. champeden at 31.25 mg/mL, A. camansi at 250 mg/mL. All seed extracts have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents, particularly against MRSA strain. Studies on the antibacterial activity against MRSA can provide new information about the benefits seed of members of Artocarpus as a source of natural antibacterial.

<p>Telah dilakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis membran ZSM-5 dengan penyangga kasa jenis 304 ukuran 200 dan 400 mesh dan jenis kasa AISI 316 ukuran 180 mesh dan mengkarakterisasi membran ZSM-5 hasil sintesis. Sintesis membran dilakukan dengan cara melapiskan prekursor ZSM-5 (<em>coating)</em> pada penyangga kasa yang telah diberi perlakuan dan dipanaskan pada suhu 90 °C selama 4 hari. Selanjutnya, membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi engan metoda <em>X-ray diffraction</em> (XRD), <em>scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy</em> (SEM-EDS) dan <em>Fourier-transform infrared</em> (FTIR). Hasil citra SEM-EDS menunjukkan bahwa ukuran membran ZSM-5 yang semakin besar, menghasilkan jumlah lubang atau pori semakin banyak dengan luasan pori yang semakin kecil. Pola difraksi XRD menunjukkan bahwa membran yang dihasilkan mempunyai intensitas tertinggi pada 2 8º dan 23º yang merupakan karakteristik dari ZSM-5. Hasil spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya serapan pada bilangan gelombang 450 cm^-¹yang merupakan ciri khas membran ZSM-5.</p><p class="Text"><strong>Characterization of ZSM-5 Membranes Synthesized by Variation of Support Types and Sizes.</strong> Synthesis and characterization of ZSM-5 membrane were carried out with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze supports and 180 mesh AISI 316 gauze types. The purpose of this study was to synthesize ZSM-5 membrane with 304 type 200 and 400 mesh gauze support and AISI 316 type 180 mesh size 180 mesh and characterize the synthesized ZSM-5 membrane. Membrane synthesis was carried out by coating the pre-treated gauze support with the ZSM-5 precursor and was heated at 90 °C for 4 days. Furthermore, the resulting membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) dan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The SEM-EDX analysis shows that the increasing of ZSM-5 membrane size allowed pores number to increase with smaller pore surface area. The X-ray Diffraction pattern (XRD) shows that the resulting membrane has the highest intensity at 2  of 8º and 23º as the characteristics of ZSM-5. The FTIR spectra results show absorption at wavenumbers 450 cm^-1 which is a characteristic of ZSM-5 membranes.</p>

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. Plasmodium berghei ANKA is a species of rodent malaria parasite that is commonly used to study malaria pathology and the immune system against infections. Parasitaemia in malaria is the figure of malaria pathology due to some numbers of parasite-infected erythrocytes present in the peripheral blood. Hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) levels are the parameters of anemia and some hematological changes caused by malaria infection. This study aimed to determine the correlation between parasitemia and anemia in BABL/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Two uninfected and infected mice groups were compared for parasitemia, HGB, and HCT levels. Analysis statistics showed a significant difference in HGB and HCT between uninfected and infected groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between parasitemia and HGB and HCT levels in infected mice. Anemia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA can occur when parasitemia is even low; the higher parasitemia worsens the hamatological condition. Parasitemia plays a role independently in the severity of anemia. Plasmodium berghei infection in mice is useful for studying malaria anemia.

This research aimed to investigate the ability of ZSM-5 in absorbing cigarette smoke to reduce CO level in smoking area. The research method are according to Gao, 2011 and Mukaromah 2014. The results were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), FTR and SEM. The absorbance test was conducted by placing the gauze absorbed into the enclosed space with volume 18.000 cm³containing CO from cigarette smoke. The research was reached the stage of inorganic and organic substances leaching and oxidized in electrochemistry in H2SO4 to 20%. Zeolite zsm-5 membrane has the ability to absorb CO with the decline in CO on the highest levels the surface area of 25 cm² to the time contact 30 minutes is 0.50 %.

Characterization of the ZSM-5 zeolite membrane synthesized with 304-200 gauze buffer was carried out. The purpose of this study is to first synthesize ZSM-5 membranes with 304-200 g auze buffer in various pretreatments. The second objective is to characterize the synthesized ZSM-5 membrane with X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope Energy dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and The fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). ZSM-5 membrane was synthesized through the first step, namely the pretreatment variation of 304-200 stainless steel gauze soaked in toluene 95% for 2 hours, in a 15% HCl solution for 20 minutes; immersed in 15% NaOH, 15% HCl, and electrooxidated with 20% H2SO4 for 20 minutes each; immersed in toluene 12 hours, in a solution of HCl 15% 6 hours and in TPABr solution 0.1 M 12 hours. The next step is the manufacture of ZSM-5 precursors, and the coating process on the gauze buffer at 90 ° C for 4 days. The resulting ZSM-5 membrane was characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX and FTIR. Based on XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR characterization of the synthesized product, it was concluded that pre-treatment of 304-200 gauze that can produce a good ZSM-5 membrane is pretreatment immersed in 15% NaOH, 15% HCl, and 20% H2SO4 electrooxidation respectively-each for 20 minutes; and soaked in toluent 12 hours, HCl 15% 20 minutes, and TPABr 0.1 M 12 hours. The resulting membrane is the ZSM-5 membrane.