Higher-order thinking (HOTS) problems are a learning assessment system applied to the curriculum in 2013 to improve students' higher-level thinking skills. However, teachers still familiarize students to solve problems with low-level thinking, which lower the Indonesian students’ mathematical literacy. This descriptive research with a qualitative approach aimed to explore junior high school students’ mathematical literacy skills in Kotapinang in solving HOTS problems applied to the curriculum 2013. Four students were selected as research subjects. Research instruments consisted of mathematical skills tests, literacy tests, and interviews. The researchers applied the triangulation techniques with Miles and Huberman’s model as the data analysis technique. The analysis showed that students’ mathematical literacy skills in Kotapinang were poor. The researchers recommend applying technology-based learning models, such as blended learning that is suitable for limited face-to-face learning to support the improvement of mathematics literacy skills of junior high school students in solving HOTS problems in the curriculum 2013.

The inability of students to master the material concept of the advanced differential equation gives rise to internal and external factors that are formed in them so that it needs to require encouragement as effective use of learning media so that learning in the classroom becomes increasingly attractive to students. We used online learning media as zoom, offline or online learning videos, E-learning, and others. This research aimed to identify and describe students learning difficulties in advanced differential equation courses in terms of the use of learning media during the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research used is qualitative research, with a descriptive approach. Results showed that students have great difficulty learning numerical methods to solve first-order differential equations from all three sub-chapters of matter. In this material, students are still less careful in answering questions (58,1%). Because students could not identify the type of methods used to solve problems, students need online learning media that are effective for math learning, such as offline learning videos (71%), as a solution to save internet quotas. So, this research is useful for educators/lecturers in observing the condition of student learning difficulties given the use of learning media used to motivate students to be active in learning advanced differential equation courses during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Family Medicinal Plants (FMP) have benefits and properties for the health of the body. However, this plant is only used as a kitchen spice alone without knowing other properties. Thus, then created an innovation or new product from the family medicinal plant. The goal is to find out the benefits of herbal beverage products through Organoleptic tests as the body's immunity during the Covid-19 pandemic for the people of Pulau Sejuk Village. This product is called Jakusema Herbal, which consists of ginger, turmeric, lemongrass, and honey. The research design uses a Pre-Experimental Design type One-Shot Case Study with nine panellists as research subjects. The study parameters used organoleptic and qualitative tests of vitamin C with potassium iodine (betadine) to see whether or not vitamin C was present in herbal beverage products. The results showed the best treatment was P2 treatment with consumer-preferred levels reaching: (1) colour 7,055>6,23 (2) texture 9,475>6,23, (3) taste 28,003>6,23, and (4) scent 7,617>6,23. Based on the results of organoleptic tests obtained that P2 treatment has a real influence on herbal beverage products. Furthermore, herbal beverage products were tested qualitatively. Then, P2 treatment has a higher vitamin C content than other treatments seen from discolouration in the product. Due to time constraints, vitamin C testing is only done qualitatively. It is recommended for further research using quantitative tests so that the data of research results are more detailed and accurate.