Objective: To elicit the structure of isolated compounds from roots of sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia Linn). Material and Methods: Several organic standard protocols were involved, including extraction, fractionation, and phytochemical testing. Further spectroscopy methods, FTIR and 1HNMR, were used to determine the predicted structure of molecules, while their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX 1 and 2) were tested using in vitro method. Results: Overall assessments showed that the structure of the sidaguri is a long chain aliphatic carboxylic acid and identified as Z-3, 6, 6 trimethylhept-2-en-1-ol (T12) and nonanoic (T13). Both isolates significantly inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 non-selectively (the COX-1/COX-2 ratio for T12 was 0.91 and 0.82; while COX-1/COX-2 ratio for T13 was 0.89 and 0.87 at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.025 µg/mL respectively). Conclusion: The active compounds of Sidaguri have antiinflammatory effect by inhibiting COX non-selectively.

Background: Arsenic paste was used to devitalize dental pulp in some problems before surgical, but it has been proven to have many hazardous effects. So, other alternative drugs are needed that are equally effective but safer. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) can cause lysis blood vessels in the pulp, whereas the sidaguri (Sidarhombifolia L.) are effective in relieving inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the devitalization effect of jatropha and sidaguri on rabbit animal model.Method: Sidaguri roots were extracted using reflux method while jatropha sap was dried using lyophilization method. For easy application, the extract made into a paste (1; 1) and inserted into the cavity. After 7 days of exposure, the teeth were removed, calcified and followed to histopathological staining and COX-2 expression (IHC).Result: Histopathological examination showed that the paste was able to cause necrosis of pulp nerve. Higher dose of the drug increased the necrosis area, but the paste is not able to reduce COX-2 expression.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the paste has a potential to developed as devitalization agent although it is necessary to study to the reduce the inflammation process.

Enterococcus faecalis is one of bacteria which have resistance against the pulp tissue defense mechanism and oftenfound in endodontic infections. This bacterial is may hold good colonization, can survive in the root canal withoutother bacteria, and is capable of producing toxins directly or through the induction of inflammation. Betel leaf (Piperbetle Linn)contain essential oils, as the main components of the essential oils are phenols and compounds, amongother derivate such as kavikol compound that has bactericidal five times stronger than phenol. Phenol disrupts threedimensional structure of the bacterial protein to be a random structure and denatured protein, and damages biologicalactivity. Chlorhexidine has been shown to be effective against Enterococcus in the root canal irrigation. Betel leaf canbe chosen as an alternative material root canal irrigation saline. This in vitro experimental laboratory study is aimedto determine the effectiveness of anti-bacterial extracts of betel leaf for E.faecalis bacteria. The minimum inhibitoryconcentration of betel leaf extract is determined by observing the lowest concentration that was first seen clearly,namely 20%. The assay method of these anti-bacterial effect used diffusion method to comparing the inhibition zonebetel leaf extract solution in concentration of 20% be compared 0.2% chlorhexidine, 2% chlorhexidine, and distilledwater. Each group performed eight times repetition respectively. Data analysis used one way anova test followed byLSD test. From this research, it was concluded that 2% chlorhexidine has antibacterial effect for E.faecalis better thanbetel leaf extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine.

Objective: To examine the expression of caspase-3 and IL-1β following application of Pulp Out® on rabbit's pulp teeth as well as histopathology. Material and Methods:The study was conducted on the maxillary incisors rabbits. The teeth were prepared and Pulp Out® was inserted at the base of prepared cavity, then restored with RM-GIC. After 24 hours, the animals were then euthanized and processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry evaluation. Results:Our results indicated that Pulp Out®, when administered to the pulp teeth, increased the number and diameter of blood vessels. The expression of caspase-3 and IL-1β showed similarities to the expression of commercial devitalizing agent. Conclusion: Our results revealed that Pulp Out® is a valuable devitalization agent that should be further explored for its safety before clinical application.

ABSTRAKNyeri gigi diatasi dengan pemberian obat-obat analgesik baik secara oral maupun secara topikal langsung pada kavitas gigi. Salah satu analgetik topikal yang dapat digunakan adalah getah J. Curcas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek anti inflamasi pemberian getah J. Curcas terhadap pulpa yang dievalusi dengan pemeriksaan histopatologis. Penelitian dilakukan pada 22 gigi molar M. Nemestrina. Gigi tersebut dipreparasi hingga perforasi, lalu masukkan getah J. Curcas yang telah diliofilisasi ke dalam 11 kavitas, lalu ditutup dengan tumpatan sementara. Sebagai pembanding dimasukkan juga eugenol pada 11 gigi lainnya. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah waktu 3, 6, dan 24 jam. Kera dieutanasi kemudian gigi diekstraksi dan dibuat sediaan histopatologis. Pewarnaan menggunakan hematoksilin eosin kemudian sediaan diperiksa di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil menunjukkan pada pengamatan 3 dan 6 jam ditemukan sel-sel darah merah dan sel radang akut. Sedangkan pada pengamatan 24 jam terjadi vakuolisasi sel odontoblast dan lisis pembuluh darah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terjadinya inflamasi kronis pada pulpa menjelaskan berkurangnya rasa nyeri pada pulpa karena keadaan beralih ke keadaan kronis. Kata kunci: histopatologi pulpa, getah jarak pagar, M. nemestrina