El municipio de Culiacán, con un área de 4758.9 km2, se caracteriza por su topografía relativamente plana, su baja elevación altitudinal (0-300 m) y pocos accidentes montañosos que sobrepasan los 500 m. El principal tipo de vegetación es el bosque espinoso; sin embargo, también se encuentran manglar, bosque tropical caducifolio, bosque tropical subcaducifolio, bosque de Quercus y bosque de Pinus y Quercus. La flora vascular del municipio de Culiacán, Sinaloa, registra la presencia de 1 445 especies y taxa subespecíficos distribuidos en 623 géneros y 145 familias. 162 taxa endémicos a la región oeste y noroeste de México están presentes en el área de estudio y dos de ellos con área restringida al municipio. Se discuten los patrones de distribución de los endemismos en los estados que conforman tal región mexicana.

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Aquatic environments are recognized as one of the main reservoirs for the emergence and dissemination of high-risk lineages of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of public health concern. However, the genomic characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from aquatic origins remain limited. Herein, we examined the antibiotic resistance and virulence genomic profiles of three E. coli recovered from surface water in northwest Mexico. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and in-depth in silico analysis were performed. Two E. coli exhibited MDR phenotypes. WGS-based typing revealed genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis corroborated a notable divergent relationship among the studied E. coli. One E. coli strain, harboring enterotoxigenic and extraintestinal pathogenic-associated virulence genes, was assigned to the ST4 lineage. MDR E. coli, belonging to the international high-risk clones ST410 and ST617, carried genes and mutations conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim. This study describes, for the first time, the detection and genomic profiling of high-risk lineages of E. coli ST410 and ST617 from surface water in Mexico. Additionally, our results underscore the role of surface water as a reservoir for critical pathogenic and MDR E. coli clones and the need for the surveillance and monitoring of aquatic environments via WGS from the One Health perspective.

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