Introduction. The article describes the requirements for the image of an academic speaker under conditions of uncertainty. Criteria for forming an online speaker’s image in modern information and communication space are considered. The significance of changing the status of an academic speaker-lecturer and student-listener as participants in the communication act in a digital environment is studied. It is concluded that the space of uncertainty has created a new image of an academic speaker with a number of distinctive features and peculiarities. Purpose of Work. The aim of the undertaken research is to identify and describe the fundamental changes that have influenced the formation of a new type of academic speaker and to determine the peculiarities of his perception by the audience in the context of virtual communication. The goal required solving the following interrelated tasks: to investigate the conditions for the formation of an academic online speaker; to identify the distinctive features of the online speaker from other types of speakers; to analyze the process of adapting a new type of academic speaker to the virtual communication environment in the distance learning format. Methodologies and Techniques. To achieve the goal of research and solve the identified problems the following methods were used: the method of system description (as the main one), the method of comparative analysis, the method of linguistic observation and the method of frontal survey. A frontal survey of the second-year students of Department of Law of the Don State Technical University was used as an empirical basis for the study, in which 150 recipients took part. Results. A working definition of the term «online speaker» is given, the conditions of uncertainty in which the speaker has to build up communication with the Internet audience are characterized. The results of observing the unplanned mass transfer of academic communication in higher education to online environment are described. The factors influencing the formation of the online speaker’s image are identified. Practical Significance. The materials and results of the study may be of interest to teachers of higher education, educators and heads of educational institutions working under the conditions of distance learning. Recommendations . The change of the system of interpersonal interaction in the academic environment of higher education requires not only the introduction of new educational online technologies but also a detailed study of the forms of communication behind them, the development of other ones, including professional and image approaches to organizing communication.

The relevance of this research is due to the significance of the problems of compliance with ethical standards in general and the obvious need to establish common rules of communication in the virtual environment, which became the main platform for academic communication during the pandemic. It is obvious that cultural traditions often lag far behind the changes that are taking place in the field of online communication. Among modern youth, there are differences in the perception of the culture of behavior in the real vs. virtual world. The aim of this research was to analyze the content of the new concept of ‘digital ethics’ and to study the ideas of value and moral guidelines in virtual communication among students of higher education institutions. The work was based on a socio-cultural methodological approach. The main method used was an online questionnaire created in Google Forms. The respondents were students of two Russian universities. The survey was conducted in January–February 2021 on a voluntary and anonymous basis. The results of the study demonstrated an increasing interest in the problems of compliance with moral and ethical standards in digital communication. The level of digital ethics was rated as average by the respondents. Among the main factors identified that influence the ethics of a particular person’s behavior were the family, social circle, and level of education. The main recommendation for reducing violations of ethical norms in digital communication was the need for early education of children based on cultural traditions and moral foundations, while legislative initiatives of a prohibitive nature (for example, fines) did not receive adequate support from respondents. This paper provides reference points both for further in-depth research on digital ethics issues and for making concrete decisions in the academic environment. Keywords: digital ethics, virtual communication, culture of behavior, digital environment

Введение. Для всей мировой системы государств в настоящее время сложилась угрожающая военнополитическая ситуация, представляющая глобальную опасность. Сдержать нарастающую угрозу можно только качественно новыми средствами, дополняя дипломатические меры. Обеспечение военной безопасности Российской Федерации должно осуществляться на основе достижения цели совершенствования военной системы с использованием различных методов государственного управления, в частности -правовых методов. Российская Федерация обеспечивает военную безопасность государства правовыми нормами, однако ход специальной военной операции, начавшейся 24 февраля 2022 года, показал, что требуется корректировка военной политики и правового регулирования военной сферы. В целях повышения эффективности обеспечения военной безопасности страны необходима глубокая теоретическая проработка сущности и содержания военной безопасности. Цель данного исследования -выявить проблемные аспекты в системе политико-правового обеспечения военной безопасности Российской Федерации. Материалы и методы. В статье проанализирована политико-правовая основа обеспечения военной безопасности России. В ходе исследования использовались общенаучные, а также специальные научные методы, в частности, методы когнитивного анализа сущности военной безопасности, анализ официальных правовых документов, юридически закрепляющих категориальный аппарат исследуемого объекта -военной безопасности, социологический метод исследования общественного мнения на тему военной безопасности и другие. Результаты исследования. Доказано, что уровень поддержки населением военной защиты суверенитета и территории России высок. Военная политика России нуждается в усилении правовой, материальной и идеологической составляющей. Предложены меры по совершенствованию военной политики в соответствии с общественным запросом россиян.

The purpose of the work is to determine the characteristics of the social demand for higher education in Russia. The methodological basis of the research is built around the neo-institutional theory, namely D. North's theory of institutional evolution. A theoretical model of the social inquiry for higher education in Russia was developed; four factors with the greatest influence on the social demand were formulated: 1) social inertia; 2) market laws; 3) students' intentions; 4) fashion and trends. The research was conducted and the results of comprehension of features of the social demand for higher education in Russia were presented. The qualitative empirical research aimed at verification of the proposed model of the social inquiry along with the analysis and comparison of the importance of the formulated factors. The theoretical model of the social demand for higher education in Russia was developed; a comparison of concepts of the social inquiry was made.