In the wake of recent events -a pandemic, worldwide protests, new elections -2018 may feel like a world away. As we look at the 2018 data, it's important to understand that many of the human rights issues we currently face grew out of this context. Even responses to COVID-19 cannot be divorced from the foundational issues that shape how governments, social movements, and funders address -or compound -human rights abuses. Writing in a year of so much global unrest, we see this report as a baseline and an offering, a trajectory of the trends that helps identify places where philanthropy can better meet the needs of human rights movements around the world.

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It is important to note that because Foundation Center's grant sample is meant to provide an overview of giving by U.S. foundations overall, the proportion of community foundations included in the sample each year tends to vary, although the set stays roughly consistent from 2011 to 2014. Variability in the data set makes analyses of trends in community foundation giving before 2011 challenging. To avoid double counting grant dollars, the research sample does not include grants awarded to U.S. community foundations. For some community foundations, donor advised funds (DAFs) may be excluded or not possible to identify because fund type is not included in the data reported to Foundation Center. International grants include grants to recipients located outside the U.S. and grants to U.S. recipients for international programs. The geographic distribution of grants is determined by the geographic area served by each grant. In instances where this data is unavailable, the geographic location is based on the location of the recipient organization.