No abstract

Global cities in the context of accelerated urbanization have to deal with more diverse risk factors than ever before, which highlights the need for a faster and more creative response capacity. Although it is necessary to strengthen technical systems, since they are surrounded by human systems, individual resilience will help to strengthen the community. The educational system is key to developing the human factor in a world where various systems in global cities are increasingly interconnected, which in turn increases risks. Japan is fostering a culture of disaster risk reduction in both the formal, non-formal, and informal education sectors, in which creativity and autonomy are key competencies. Tokyo is the highest populated metropolitan area globally, and its educational system is the international model for education in disaster risk reduction. Urban areas around the world face similar challenges and experience similar needs. This article addresses the challenges that the human factor faces in large cities and the possibilities of increasing resilience in both individuals and communities through Disaster Resilience Education (DRE), taking the Japanese educational system as a model.

Resumen: Este estudio examina el impacto de las disfunciones ejecutivas y la sintomatología interiorizada sobre el rendimiento académico en educación primaria. Se seleccionó de manera aleatoria una muestra de 87 niños de ambos sexos (media = 10.80; DT = .73). La muestra se clasificó en tres grupos en función del rendimiento académico (alto, medio y bajo), siendo evaluada mediante el Test de inteligencia de Matrices Progresivas de Raven (Raven, 1995), la escala Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Self-Report (BRIEF-SR; Guy et al., 2004) y el Youth Self Report for ages 11-18 (YSR/11-18;Achenbach, 1991). Los resultados muestran que el bajo rendimiento académico está relacionado con habilidades cognitivas más bajas, presencia de disfunciones ejecutivas, sobre todo en control y sintomatología interiorizada, concretamente Quejas somáticas y Retraimiento. La inclusión, en los centros educativos, de programas transversales de estimulación de las funciones ejecutivas podría ayudar a reducir los niveles de fracaso escolar.

This article provides the research community with a conceptual framework from a historical perspective of the impulse of education sustainability in the official international literature. In addition, the United Nations International Conferences held on Japanese territory in order to foster education for risk reduction and for training resilient individuals and communities are analyzed. The study of the content of both approaches, education for sustainability and education for risk reduction, constitute an innovative approach especially relevant after the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 crisis. The article advances with a historical analysis of the use of the concept of resilience in the European Institutions’ official documents. Our findings show that it is particular after 2015 when resilience is linked to sustainability. Before this, the European approach was mostly linked to food crises and emergencies. The article offers a synthesis of the global and European approaches in tables so that we can compare the progress in the United Nations discourse and the European Union one. In this conceptual framework, we offer a contribution to the debate for European national education systems. In particular, we offer contribute to the debate of the Organic Law LOMLOE approved in Spain in 2020, in which education for sustainability is strongly considered but not so much resilience education. The article intends to contribute to the inclusion of resilience as an element of the curriculum linked to the education for sustainability.