Few studies investigated the role of entrepreneurship education in students’ entrepreneurial intentions. These studies produced controversial results which invited the attention of researchers for further investigations. This paper examines the moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the predictive value of attitude, subjective norms and self-efficacy for entrepreneurial intentions. True Experimental Design (post-test-only control group design) is used to investigate the change in the nature and magnitude of the impact of independent variables (personal attitude, self-efficacy and subjective norms) on the dependent variable (intentions) using entrepreneurship education as a moderating variable. Data were collected from the treatment group (completed entrepreneurship course) and control group (not taken entrepreneurship course) from various higher education institutions in Oman. Total 500 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 204 filled questionnaires were received back in which 196 qualified as valid responses. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. The statistical relationship among the modeled variables was estimated using Partial Least Square method. The results revealed that attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and self-efficacy are the significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. However, entrepreneurship education moderates this relationship by strengthening the path coefficients of attitude toward entrepreneurship and self-efficacy. Same time it weakens the path coefficient of subjective norms.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify major macroeconomic factors that enhance foreign direct investment (FDI) for Pakistan through the co‐integration and error correction model over a 28‐year time period, i.e. between 1980 and 2008.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed the Johansen co‐integration technique to estimate the long‐run relationship between the variables, while an error correction model was used to determine the short‐run dynamics of the system.FindingsFinding suggests that FDI has had a significant positive impact on Pakistan's economic growth in the long run. For example, trade liberalization and their interactive terms have a positive effect in the short run, while a negative effect is observed in the long run upon economic growth of Pakistan. The results indicate that due to a low quality of human capital in Pakistan; the direct effect of FDI on economic growth becomes negative.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to a few variables, including human capital, trade openness, government size, population and consumer price index, in order to manage robust data analysis.Practical implicationsThe authors find that for FDI to be a significant contributor to economic growth in Pakistan, government must focus upon improving physical infrastructure, and quality of human resources.Originality/valueThe study confirms that Pakistan did not enjoy substantial growth benefits from FDI because human capital, trade openness, government size and interactive terms of FDI and per capita income have a negative impact on economic growth. These findings have important policy implications.

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Localization has encountered substantial focus in academia as well as practice; however, scarce studies have empirically examined this theme within tourism-related sectors in Oman, including the aviation sector. That is why the purpose of this paper is to develop and test an integrated model of the key predictors and outcomes of successful localization within the aviation industry. It also evaluates the mediating role of knowledge sharing ability between human resources development (HRD) practices and localization as well as the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the link between localization and firm performance. This paper is based on primary data collected from 194 employees operating in the national aviation sector in Oman. Based on PLS-SEM, the results indicated that HRD practices (i.e., training, performance appraisal, and rewards) have a positive impact on expatriates' ability to share knowledge with national staff, and thus positively