Pemantauan terhadap parameter keluaran panel surya sangat perlu dilakukan untuk menilai kinerja sebuah panel surya pada kondisi lingkungan yang nyata. Paper ini bertujuan memberikan suatu teknik baru pemantauan secara langsung dan real time terhadap parameter keluaran dari sebuah panel surya yaitu tegangan dan arus pada kondisi lingkungan tertentu. Untuk memenuhi keperluan pemantauan tersebut, sistem pemantauan kinerja panel surya yang dirancang dilengkapi dengan sensor pengukur arus dan tegangan yang telah dikalibrasi, sistem akuisisi data yang diintegrasikan ke spreadsheet Excel menggunakan program aplikasi PLX-DAQ dan kartu memori sebagai penyimpan data cadangan. Perancangan sistem berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Atmega 328P dan dihubungkan ke komputer melalui port serial RS232. Kelebihan dari sistem pemantauan ini adalah hasil pengukuran dari setiap sensor dapat diproses secara langsung dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik pada kondisi real time. Informasi mengenai tegangan dan arus dari panel surya yang dikumpulkan pada kondisi real time dapat diperoleh langsung melalui spreadsheet Excel tanpa memerlukan program ulang terhadap Arduino. Fasilitas ini memberikan kemudahan untuk pengolahan data selanjutnya.
A concise critique on harnessing the abundant solar thermal energy and improvement with vacuum insulation for the utilization and conversion is presented. This research implicates that the world is becoming a global solar smart city prompted by increasing daily demand of energy by the global population and land-use. Amongst all the renewable energy resources available, solar thermal energy collectors (STC) are the most copious because it is accessible in both direct and indirect modes with global solar thermal capacity in operation in 2019 was 479 GWth and annual energy yield estimated to be 389 TWh. Hybridization has been found to be the only way of improving the existing performance of (STC) such as hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) with phase-change material (PCM) for energy storage and magneto-thermoelectric generators (MTEGs) and/or vacuum insulated TEG (VTEG) for waste heat energy conversion to electrical power. The concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies were also precisely studied and yet parabolic trough collector, dish sterling and solar tower are amongst the top solar thermal heat energy harvesters and its electrical power generation has also been comprehended. The modern eminence of vacuum insulation technologies on thermal comfort and sound insulation in sustainable low-carbon buildings is presented. The research implicates that there is still a scope of improving the building and construction sector and target to achieve not only zero-energy buildings (ZEB) but generating-energy buildings (GEB). A concise critique on vacuum insulated smart glazed windows is presented and the review implicates that the hybridization with PV and TEG and novelty in the constructional materials of vacuum glazing (VG) and translucent vacuum insulation panel (TVIP)
Sun tracker dua sumbu berbentuk geometri tetrahedron yang sudah dikembangkan memiliki tingkat persentase error akurasi sebesar 31,26% dan kecepatan 0,063 m/s. Nilai akurasi dan kecepatan tersebut masih rendah untuk melacak cahaya matahari pada kondisi ruang terbuka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki tingkat akurasi dan sun tracker tetrahedron tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk memperoleh ketepatan pelacakan adalah dengan menerapkan sistem pengontrol yang membentuk sistem pelacak menggunakan kendali proportional integral derivative (PID) dan memodifikasi cahaya matahari dengan menambah sun tracker dan laser pada puncak struktur tetrahedron-nya. Selain itu, motor yang digunakan untuk mengukur keadaan sumbu horizontal dan vertikal adalah jenis Stepper DC. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan tingkat error keakuratan dan kecepatan sistem pelacak sun tracker modifikasi adalah sebesar 0,650 pada sumbu X dan 0,540 pada sumbu Y dengan kecepatan sebesar 0,091 m/s. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan sun tracker modifikasi mampu melacak cahaya matahari dengan tepat dan tingkat kesalahan rata-rata pelacak sebesar 0,78% pada sumbu X dan 4,67% pada sumbu Y. Kata kunci: sun tracker, kecepatan dan ketepatan, sensor tetrahedron dan motor stepper
This study introduces a new method for determining the spectral response of a photovoltaic (PV) device. Instead of illuminating the PV device under test with monochromatic beams at different wavelengths, the device is irradiated with different broadband spectra. Variations in the spectra are made by employing different types of polychromatic filters. The advantage of using these types of filters is the increase in the light intensity incident on the measurement plane, compared with narrowband filtered light. As a consequence, the spectral response measurement setup becomes very simple, comprising only a light source, a set of polychromatic filters, spectroradiometer and source-meter unit. The spectral response is determined by fitting the short-circuit currents measured under different spectra to a chosen spectral response model. The proposed method is verified by comparing the results to spectral response curves measured with a traditional monochromatic method, which show excellent agreement. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the proposed method is feasible as a new technique for determining the spectral response of a PV device.
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