The article deals with a few aspects of translingualism and their influence on ethno-cultural and ethno-lingual consciousness. The authors postulate that a statement of the harmonic coexistence between the ‘native’ and the ‘acquired’, with all its attractiveness and ‘magnetism’, isfar from being always proven in practice. In addition, the ‘smoothness’ of transition from one linguistic culture to another and the ‘cross-flow’ of languages and cultures into each other can be perceived as a threat to the preservation of the ‘native’ linguocultural identity and an implicit form of the ‘linguistic imperialism’. In this regard, it seems appropriate to objectively analyze the phenomena of translingualism and transculturalism and to consider the associated positive and negative consequences in more details.

Relevance of the problem . The subject matter related to the rendering of the Holy Writ is relevant, which is backed up in recent decades with the emerging of a large number of the Bible translations into different languages, as well as with the presence of certain fragments in the original that allow for the ambiguous interpretation. The material for the research is a fragment from the Book of Proverbs ( yassēr binḵā kî yēš tiqwā wǝ’el hǎmîṯô ’al tiśśā’ nap̄šeḵā ) (19: 18) (“Punish your son while there is hope, and do not be indignant with his cry”) in a number of the Bible translations (the Synodal translation, the King James Bible, etc.) into various languages, as well as an analysis of comments on them related to different historical periods. Scientific novelty. The paper proves the groundlessness of the statement about the interpolation of the lexeme “cry”, supposedly contained in the Russian Synodal Bible, caused by subjective reasons, and also considers the validity / wrongfulness of replacing the word “son” in it with the inclusive form “children” based on Jewish written sources. The method of the research. The article uses the method of comparative study of various translations of this fragment, identifying its interpretations contained in them and correlating them with the exegetics available in the Jewish tradition. General results: 1) The coincidence of rendering this fragment with that which we find in the King James Bible, while being different from its representation in a number of translations into other languages, allows us to put forward a hypothesis about its possible influence on the Russian text. 2) The availability of such interpretation among some interpreters, both ancient and modern, indicates in this case the absence of any deliberate distortion of the original in the Synodal translation. 3) The use of inclusive and gender-neutral forms for male people in relation to this fragment instead of those presented in the original should be qualified as a deviation from the original, since according to the norms of Biblical Hebrew, such use is permissible only when the word “ son ” is used in the plural form ( bānîm ), while in the singular it is not used in a similar sense.

Among the factors that have a decisive impact on the processes of intercultural communication, an important role belongs to translation. At the same time, in many cases, direct transmission from the original is absent or difficult, as a result of which there is a need for one or another kind of interlingual mediation. The purpose of our article is to consider one of the ways of such mediation — the so-called “second-hand translation” and those situations in which its use is the only possible. Examples of such translation, significant for the national culture, are considered, a detailed classification of the varieties of translation through an intermediary language is proposed. It is concluded that the traditional attitude towards them as a deliberately inferior kind of cultural interaction in some cases simplifies the real state of things. The study uses the method of philological analysis. The results of the work can be used in the further development of translation studies, as well as in teaching courses in translation theory and intercultural communication in higher education.

Аннотация. В статье рассматривается статус глобального языка в отношении к международным/мировым языкам. Несмотря на определенное сходство выполняемых функций, связанное с применением в качестве официальных средств интернациональной коммуникации в тех или иных сферах, между ними имеется качественное различие, требующее всестороннего осмысления.Критически анализируются высказываемые в последние десятилетия утверждения о целесообразности практически полного перехода на английский язык в социально значимых сферах, прежде всего, в области научного творчества, о статусе английского как linguafrancaв академической среде.

The present paper deals with some cases of the modernization of the Bible texts, especially created in the second part of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries (although the elements of the latter may be found in earlier versions including those with the unofficial status of “national Bibles”). The expansion of modernization is usually connected with E. Nida`s theory of the dynamic / functional equivalence; at the same moment its direct influence is obvious enough. The actuality of the theme for the theory and practice of translation is caused by the following factors: 1. the richness and variety of the Bible translations, the history of which counts more than two thousand ears; 2. the necessity to take into account the referential part of the text on one hand, and its pragmatic and appellative functions on the other; that may lead to the collision between them when the translator has to choose the strategy and tactics of his work; 1. the acceptance of the text as “inspired by God” among the believers, that may provoke a negative relation towards some moments, which are treated as the divergence from the source text or even its distortion. The paper is based on the representative sample taken from Bible translations (both “traditional” and modern) in Russian, English and German. The corresponding variants, as well as their estimation in special and popular works are analyzed. The authors give an attempt to define some features that give the possibility to treat the text as modernized one. Although the said method is used quite often as the means to reach the adequacy of translation, the question of its limits is controversial enough.