Mangroves can store carbon. However, it also produces carbon emissions by degrading organic matter in mangrove sediments. This research was conducted in a mangrove ecosystem at Waiheru, in the inner Ambon bay, to determine CO2 and CH4 emissions and their potential for global warming (GWP) from mangrove sediments. Gas is taken through a syringe mounted on the hood. Gas concentration analysis used the gas chromatography method, while the average gas concentration in each sediment was tested using ANOVA Single Factor. The results showed that the average concentration of CO2 gas was significantly different for each sediment (P-value <0.05), while the average concentration of CH4 gas was not significantly different (P-value >0.05). The largest CO2 gas emission in mangrove sediments in Waiheru Village was found in sandy mud sediments with an emission value of 136.99 mg.m−2.h−1, and the lowest was in sand sediments, namely 13.01 mg.m−2.h−1. Meanwhile, the largest emission of CH4 gas was in silty sand sediments, namely 0.32 mg.m−2.h−1, and the lowest was in sandy mud sediments, namely 0.15 mg.m−2.h−1. Fluctuations in carbon gas emissions in each sediment are inversely proportional, which indicates that the formation of CH4 gas is obtained through ethanol reduction, which utilizes CO2 gas concentrations. The total GWP in the mangrove sediments of Waiheru Village is 231.58 mg.m−2.h−1. The GWP contributed by the type of sandy silt sediment was 140.72 CO2-eq mg.m−2.h−1, muddy sand was 70.95 mg.m−2.h−1, and sand sediment was 19.91 CO2-eq mg.m−2. h−1.

Perairan Teluk Ambon terbagi atas Teluk Ambon Dalam (TAD) dan Teluk Ambon Luar (TAL) yang dipisahkan oleh ambang Galala-Rumah Tiga yang sempit dan dangkal (12 m) yang mengakibatkan proses pertukaran massa air antara TAD dan TAL tidak mengikuti pola pasang surut harian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa distribusi vertikal dan horizontal massa air Teluk Ambon berdasarkan distribusi suhu dan konsentrasi klorofil-a. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim peralihan II di bulan November 2018. Pengukuran suhu dan konsentrasi klorofil-a dilakukan secara in situ dengan menggunakan CTD, dan analisa sebaran vertikal dan horizontal dari suhu dan klorofil-a dilakukan dengan menggunakan Surfer dan ODV. Suhu massa air di lapisan permukaan (0-5 m) Teluk Ambon secara keseluruhan 29.2℃, sedangkan suhu di lapisan kedalaman 15-40 m dijumpai berbeda antara di TAD yang lebih dingin (27.7-28.2℃) dari massa air di TAL (29.2-28.7℃). Untuk konsentrasi klorofil-a, ditemukan lebih tinggi di TAD pada semua kedalaman dan di kedalaman > 12 m terlihat dengan jelas lebih tinggi nilainya di TAD yaitu 1 mg/m3 dibandingkan dengan di TAL 0.3 mg/m3. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa keberadaan ambang mengakibatkan aliran massa air antara kedua bagian teluk terhalang dan hal ini dapat dilihat berdasarkan karateristik massa air secara vertikal dan juga horizontal berbeda nilai suhu dan konsentrasi klorofil-a antara TAD dan TAL.

Migratory behaviour in Littorina scabra (Linne 1758) was studied in a mangrove ecosystem and observations were made in their natural habitat or in situ observation in Tanjung Tiram, Ambon. Migratory speed and pattern of L. scabra of different sizes (small and large) particularly in mangrove Sonneratia alba were observed throughout of the February 19th to March 11th 2019 during the day and night on incoming or outgoing tides and these are usually a 3 hours (270 minutes) observation. Marked snails were used to track the position to investigate their migratory direction and speed during advancing and receding tides. Those organisms migrate up and down the trees following the tidal cycles. This study indicates that small size organisms which live on leaves, branches or trunks move faster than the big organisms and they move faster during the incoming tide than outgoing tide. For a big size L. scabra, they move slower during the incoming tide than the outgoing tide. This behaviour indicates that they move faster to avoid immersion during incoming tide than during the outgoing tide when they move slower because they are searching for food. The migration trials showed different patterns for all sizes of L. scabra and this pattern seems to be influenced by the area of surface they occupy such as leaves, branches or trunks. They tend to move forward in one direction (almost straight line) when they are on a small surface such as trunks and on the larger surface such as leaves and braches most L. scabra of all sizes make different trial patterns such zig-zag.

Oma water is directly related to the Banda Sea, which causes this water to have the highest diversity of fisheries resources. Oma waters is a potential fishing ground for small and big pelagic fishes. One of the most important pieces of information on the abundance of small fishes in this area is the abundance of phytoplankton. Until now, there was not any information available on phytoplankton species composition as well as its abundance. The objective of this research was to study the species composition of phytoplankton, its abundance and, some ecological indices. Sampling was carried out in April 2017 at a 14-fixed sampling station using Kitahara plankton net. Sampling was conducted vertically from 20 meters depth to the surface water. Hydrological parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, and water transparency were measured in-situ. Nitrate and phosphate were analyzed in a chemical laboratory in LIPI-Ambon. The total of 65 phytoplankton species was identified from the study area and can be grouped into Bacillariophycea, Dinophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophycea has dominated this phytoplankton species composition (70.70%). A total abundance of phytoplankton in this study area varied from 1.09 × 105 cells l -1 to 5.70×105 cells l -1. The five dominant species found in this study were Guinardia flacida, Thalassionema nitzschioides. Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira gravida, Chaetoceros curvisetus, and The Shannon diversity index (H’) varied from 1.447 to 2.774. The evenness index (J’) was between 0.404 and 0.738. The dominance index was from 0.262 to 0.596. Phytoplankton abundance had a positive correlation with water transparency and salinity, whereas the number of phytoplankton had a positive correlation with seawater temperature and nitrate concentration

Contaminants entering marine systemts have become environmental issues because of their significantly negative impacts. Coasts of Rumah Tiga Village are connected to Ambon Bay and provide marine habitats and tourist attractions due to their location close to Merah Putih Bridge (including recreations, restaurants and aquaculture sites). These human related activities contribute to the discharge of wastes into marine waters. Due to their location at inshore outer Ambon Bay, marine pollutants from the bay tend to be applied at the location. Because of the concentrated pollutants at the location, the coasts of Rumah Tiga Village are a suitable location to conduct beach clean-ups in Ambon Bay. The beach clean-up activities also aim to allow Study Program of Marine Science of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Pattimura University to raise awareness to its students and local community to care for environment.