Background: Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, chemicals, or microbiological substances. The manifestation clinic of inflammation is pain. Miana leaves (Coleus atropurpureus Benth.) have chemical contents such as essential oils, phenols, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Flavonoids can protect lipid membranes from damage and inhibit cyclooxygenase, which is the first pathway for the synthesis of pain mediators such as prostaglandins. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ethanol extract of Miana leaves (Coleus atropurpureus Benth) (EEML) as analgesic and anti-inflammatory in rats (Rattus novergicus). Material and Methods: This study used The Pre-Posttest-Only Control Group Design,  twenty male rats were divided into 5 groups namely negative control, positive control was given diclofenac sodium, treatment with EEML dose of 150 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW. Test of Antiinflammatory uses the Rat Hind Paw Edema method where the condition of inflammation in rats is induced with 5% egg white by subplantar. The measurement of edema in rat feet used a caliper every 30 minutes for 5 hours. While The measurement of analgesic testing used the method of nociception test which evaluates pain responses such as Staggering Gait, Vocalization, and Writhing. Results: The results of the measurement of the inflammatory parameters were analyzed with the One Way Anova test for the width of edema foot and Kruskal Walis for the thickness of edema foot. While the results of observing the pain response were analyzed with the Kruskal Walis test. Conclusions: This study concluded that the ethanol extract of Miana leaves has anti-inflammatory analgesic especially at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW which results are non-significant (p> 0.05) with a positive control group (sodium diclofenac).

Inflammatory medication which is commonly used is the treatment synthetically or traditionally from the natural ingredients, the green grass jelly leaves (Cyclea barbata Miers). This research aimed to determine the effects and the most effective dose of the ethanol extract of green grass jelly leaves as an antiinflammatory in white rats induced by carrageenan. This research used 15 mice divide into 5 group. Group I (negative control) was given Na.CMC; group II (positive control) was given Na.Diclofenac; group III, IV and V were given ethanol extract of green grass jelly leaves (EEDCH) at the dose of 1.875 mg/kgBW, 3.75 mg/kgBW, and 7.5 mg/kgBW. Pretreatment on animals induced by carrageenan 1% amounted to 0.1 mL in sub plantar on the soles of the mice. The measurements were made every 1 hour for 5 hour by using the pletismometer tool. The result showed that the ethanol extract of green grass jelly leaves has a potential as anti-inflammatory. Based on the result of statistical analysis of the one way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Test LSD showed that substance EEDCH at the dose of 7.5 mg/kgBW has antiinflammatory effect were not significantly different from the positive control (Na.Diclofenac).

Common purslane (Portulace Oleracea L.) has a compound of omega-3, flavonoid and ascorbic acid with the activity in decreasing triglyceride levels. This study aimed to determine the minimum dose of ethanol extract of common purslane against the decrease of triglyceride levels of obese mice. It used 18 rats fed highcalorie diet (HCD) for 30 days. The obese rats were devided into 6 groups consisting of group I of negative controls (Na.CMC ), group II of positive control (gemfibrozil®), group III,IV,V,VI provided the ethanol extract of common purslane (EECP) with 25 mg/kgBW, 50 mg/kgBW, 75 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW. Afterwards, 14 days of therapy were given and still fed a high-calorie (HCD). The measurement of triglyceride levels is performed before induction (early). After induction , and after therapy. The data of the study were analized by percentage decrease of each test group. The result show that the EECP groups of 75 mg/kgBW was the minimum dose in lowering triglyceride levels with a decrease of 16,49 %.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is widely used by Indonesians due to its antioxidant contained in the fruit and leaves. Papaya is known to contain vitamin C, tocopherols, phenols, and -carotene in their leaves and fruit thus having the capability as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit oxidation reactions by binding free radicals and highly reactive molecules so that cells will be inhibited. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of papaya through free radical DPPH method (1.1 Diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl). Each part of papaya with different extracts produces different antioxidant activities. This study utilized a literature study using the narrative review method in which the literature was identified through the pubmed database, google scholar, MDPI, and the portal garuda. Screening was carried out based on inclusion criteria so that several journals were reviewed. The results of this study showed that the parts of papaya that possessed antioxidant activity were the flesh, peel and leaves. The highest concentration of all parts was from papaya peel with ethanol content, obtained IC50 value of 13.769 g/mL.