<p>Budidaya tanaman kelapa sawit (<em>Elaeis guineensis J</em>.) sangat bergantung pada lingkungan dan teknik budidaya yang dilakukan sehingga menghasilkan produktivitas yang optimal. Keberadaan gulma di perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat memicu kerugian di berbagai aspek, sehingga penting dilakukan inventarisasi gulma untuk menentukan pengendalian yang efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi, frekuensi, struktur gulma dan indeks keanekaragaman gulma yang terdapat di lahan sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai data inventarisasi gulma pada perkebunan kelapa sawit Afdeling I, perkebunan Jaya Seujahtera PT. Agro Sinergi Nusantara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2022 dengan menggunakan metode survey yaitu pengamatan langsung dan pendataan gulma di lapangan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode garis sepanjang 10m, 3 garis dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi gulma terdiri dari 13 famili, 20 spesies, dan 7590 populasi gulma. Nilai frekuensi (F) berkisar dari 1x sampai 5x, KR 0.36% - 24.76%, FR 1.67% - 8.33%, DR 0.36% - 24.76%, NP 2.38% - 57 .85%, SDR 0.79% - 19.28% dan Diversity Indeks (H') sebesar 2,46.</p><p>Kata kunci: <em>Elaeis guineensis </em>Jacq, Gulma, Analisis Vegetasi, Indeks Keanekaragaman Gulma, PT. ASN</p>

<p>Kelapa sawit <em>( Elaeis guineensis jacq)<strong> </strong></em> merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak tertinggi di indonesia. Luas areal, produksi dan ekspor komoditas kelapa sawit di Indonesia terus meningkat.<strong>    </strong>Budidaya kelapa sawit tidak terlepas dari gangguan penyakit tanaman termasuk<strong> </strong>penyakit karat daun (<em>Cephaleuros vircens</em> yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas dan hasil  TBS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas serangan penyakit karat daun (<em>Cephaleuros vircens</em>) terhadap tanaman kelapa sawit telah dilakukan di Perkebunan PT.Agro Sinergi Nusantara Kebun Jaya Seujahtra Afdeling III. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling  dengan pola zigzag yang dari 5 titik sampel tiap blok. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa penyakit karat daun (<em>Cephaleuros vircens</em>) setiap minggunya mengalami peningkatan yang bervariasi dengan kejadian penyakit 71%-79%, namun demikian keparahan penyakit masih tergolong kategori sedang dengan persentase keparahan 33% - 36%. laju infeksi setiap minggu berada pada kisaran 0,045-0,056.</p>

No abstract

Peanut stem rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a problem that needs special attention in peatlands. Peatlands that are wet, acidic and contain high organic matter should be able to support and increase the pathogenicity of S. rolfsii. However, this is not the case for the peatlands of Kuala Pesisir Nagan Raya, have been other components cause these pathogens not to develop. Here we try to examine the biological elements, namely the existence of biological control agents from the fungal group, which generally like the same environmental conditions as pathogens. This study aims to obtain peat soil antagonistic fungi that can control S. rolfsii. This research was conducted in Kuala Pesisir, Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. Research activities include isolation, morphological identification, pathogenicity testing, antagonist testing, and molecular identification. The results obtained 46 fungal colonies from three sources, namely weed rhizosphere around peanut farming, peanut rhizosphere, and groundnut roots. The results showed that there were antagonistic fungi that could suppress S. rolfsii, namely Trichoderma asperellum.

Peanut cultivation in peatlands has major obstacles in terms of controlling plant diseases. This research aimed to identify and characterize bacteria which have the potential as biological control agents against S. rolfsii in the peatlands of Kuala Pesisir Nagan Raya. This research was conducted in the Kuala Pesisir sub-district, Nagan Raya District, Aceh, Indonesia. The research activities include isolation, morphological identification, pathogenicity testing, antagonistic testing, and molecular identification. After the first screening, 25 bacterial isolates were to be observed further. At the root of the peanut plants the colonies were mostly bacillus, some of them were coccus. In gram staining, there were many gram-negative isolates compared to gram positive. Non-pathogenic bacterial isolates have good growth potential (85% - 100%), except for B3 bacterial isolates (74%). The peanut seeds in non-pathogenic bacteria that have good germination were in the range of 80% - 96% of the germination capacity. Peatland bacteria that interact with type D have the potential to act as antagonistic agents against S. rolfsii. There are bacteria which were promising to act as an antagonistic agent against Sclerotium rolfsii in the research area. Based on morphological and DNA characteristics, the bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp.