Lending against the pledge of future crops is one of the main ways of using agrarian receipts. The authors propose enhanced understanding of the necessity of introducing agricultural receipts as a modern tool. The article provides detailed characteristics of possible financial tools intended to be used in agrarian business. Agricultural payments are identified as a method of progressive lending which ensures balancing and granting of rights both to the lender and the borrower. In their research, the authors of the article have developed an algorithm of lending against the pledge of future crops and assessed the applicability of foreign experience in terms of the development of suggestions on how to provide agricultural enterprises with the associated opportunities. With the use of agrarian receipts, credit facilities adapt to farmers' needs. For example, they are structured by cultivation, which makes it possible to issue the credits quicker and cheaper. Receipts can be used as collateral for obligations related to banks, suppliers and other creditors. They serve as an innovative and effective tool for stimulating lending in the agricultural sector. Lending against the pledge contributes to the improvement of investment attractiveness of the agrarian sector and ensures the use of agricultural incomes as an alternative and modern lending mechanism.

The research was directed to confirming or disproving the hypothesis that increasing tax pressure on the forest industry encourages the irrational use of forest resources to cover tax payments. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for identifying the impact of taxes on the activities of forest enterprises in Ukraine, social and natural capital.  In this study, we try to identify the causes of the increased tax burden and the impact of this process on forest conservation. The following decisions of the Government of Ukraine have been taken into account: ban on export of timber products in 2015; an increase in the rent for the use of forest resources in 2016; expiration of special VAT regime from January 1, 2017, introduction of land tax on forest lands from January 1, 2019, increase of deductions from net profit to the state budget from 75 to 90%. Information bases of research are the survey has been conducted, the statistic reporting, reporting to the State Forest Resources Agency and financial reporting of forestry enterprises. By means of methods of the econometric analysis, it is studied indicators relations of the amount of the paid taxes and the area of logging, the amount of the paid taxes and the area of restoration of the wood from 2010 to 2019. The impact of tax increases on the financial condition of forest enterprises was analyzed. The social effect was analyzed by studying the dynamics of payment of wage taxes, the environmental effect was analyzed by indicators of growth of areas of forest restoration including areas of planting a new forest. By results of the analysis of data of the State committee of statistics and the reporting of 17 state enterprises of the Volyn region which serve 7% of the total area of the woods of Ukraine it is established: tax revenues from forest enterprises have tripled, what is not related to the increase in profitability of their activities; reduction of the number of dividends paid in favor of the state; the total sectorial profitability of the activity decreased more than 6 times; bankruptcy is on the rise, and at the end of 2019 accounts for nearly half (65%) of all operating entities. The constructed econometric model allows us to claim with probability p = 0.95 that the increase in tax payments leads to an increase in the volume of harvesting although taxes should stimulate the economical use of forest resources. The results show that all government decisions as to increasing fiscal pressure on forestry enterprises were unsystematic and lead the industry into bankruptcy. This has a detrimental effect on the ecology of the region as forestry grows. However, instead of developing the industry, these studies indicate a complete decline as enterprises lack the resources to forestry development.

The authors conducted a study aimed to identify the role of «Big Four» («Big 4») audit firms in the public procurement market in Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to answer the questions: whether Ukraine is in a general trend of most countries in the concentration of audit market; what is the share of revenues of the «Big Four» audit firms in the performance of audit services in the public procurement system in Ukraine. First of all, in order to get answers to these questions, the authors conducted a study of the main trends in the development of the «Big Four» companies in Ukraine. It was found that the characteristic competitive environment in the market of audit services, the impact on competitiveness of pricing policy and regulatory requirements, relating to the acquisition of audit services by public sector entities through a public procurement system "ProZorro". An element of price regulation and compliance with the transparent conditions of the competitive environment is the participation of audit firms in the public procurement system. As a result of processing data on procurement of audit services for the period 2008-2019, the authors calculated key indicators that characterize the concentration of the audit market. Based on the data on the amount of remuneration for various types of audit services using the public procurement system "ProZorro", aspects of pricing policy and the role of the companies of the "Big Four" in the market were established. The values indexes indicate that the companies of the «Big 4» do not have a complete monopoly in the segment of procurement of audit services, having certain dominant positions in some years, and the indexes indicate a trend towards effective competition in the audit services market in Ukraine.

У даній статті досліджено альтернативні варіанти відображення в обліку та звітності земельних активів в залежності від характеру їх використання та права власності, проведено узагальнення вимог МСФЗ щодо оцінки земель, розроблено алгоритм порядку визнання земельної ділянки певним активом, запропоновано виділити окрему групу активів, яка б відображала, що не всі права власності на земельну ділянку перейшли суб’єкту господарювання.

Метою дослідження є оцінка компетентності бухгалтерів в Україні шляхом підтвердження чи спростування двох гіпотез. Перша: професійний досвід бухгалтера позитивно впливає на професійну компетентність бухгалтера, а отже і на стан обліку, для оцінки компетентності можна орієнтуватись на професійний стаж роботи. Друга: на великих підприємствах працюють більш компетентні головні бухгалтери, так як робота потребує більше знань і навчання. Обидві гіпотези підтверджено з єдиним зауваженням, що у бухгалтерів зі стажем понад 41 рік показники різко погіршуються. Результати досліджень ґрунтуються на оцінці компетентності головних бухгалтерів акціонерних товариств. Оцінка проводилась за допомогою показника «кількість негативних результатів податкових перевірок та судових справ з контролюючими органами». Аналізувалась залежність показника від професійного досвіду бухгалтера, розміру підприємства, наявності в структурі статутного капіталу іноземних власників. Джерелом даних для аналізу стала звітність 334 акціонерних товариств України, які зобов’язані розкривати дані про освіту, досвід, вік головного бухгалтера. Ці дані були доповнені відомостями з бази даних ДПС по коду ЄДРПОУ та Реєстру судових рішень за пошуком по ЄДРПОУ. Встановлено, що аналізований показник на мікропідприємствах та підприємствах на аутсорсінгу є найгіршим. Наведені результати досліджень доводять необхідність впровадження вітчизняної сертифікації з оптимальним бюджетом для забезпечення якості облікової інформації.