<p>En el presente artículo se plantea la evaluación de un conjunto de distribuciones a priori para los parámetros de escala del modelo de regresión Poisson inflado con ceros (conocido como modelo ZIP por sus siglas en inglés). Tradicionalmente se utiliza la distribución gamma-inversa como a priori para los parámetros de escala. Algunos estudios han mostrado que cuando los valores de los hiperparámetros de esta distribución son muy pequeños, las inferencias a posteriori no son adecuadas. El interés se centra en evaluar tres distribuciones a priori para los parámetros de escala del modelo: la gamma-inversa; la Half Cauchy que se ha usado para la situación planteada y que ha demostrado funcionar adecuadamente; y la beta 2 escalada (SBeta2) la cual es una distribución de colas pesadas que tiene un mejor comportamiento en el origen y en la cola derecha.</p><p>Se desarrolla un estudio de simulación, con el que se pretende analizar el efecto de la distribución a priori asignada a los parámetros de escala sobre el encogimiento de los parámetros a posteriori del modelo; además se evalúa ante la presencia de observaciones atípicas cómo es el ajuste que el modelo realiza de estas, con cada una de las distribuciones a priori candidatas para los parámetros de escala. El análisis se centra en estas dos características (encogimiento de los parámetros a posteriori y ajuste de observaciones atípicas) pues son estas las principales críticas que diferentes autores plantean al uso de la distribución gamma-inversa como a priori para los parámetros de escala. Finalmente se presenta una aplicación con datos reales.</p>
A previous study on the evaluation of control charts for the mean with a Bayesian approach, based on predictive limits, was performed in such a way that neither prior nor sample information was taken into account. This work was developed to make a more complete study to evaluate the influence of the combination of the prior distribution with the sample information. It is assumed that the quality characteristic to be controlled can be modeled by a Normal distribution and two cases are considered: known and unknown variance. A Bayesian conjugate model is established, therefore the prior distribution for the mean is Normal and, in the case where the variance is unknown, the prior distribution for the variance is defined as the Inverse-Gamma(ν, ν). The posterior predictive distribution, which is also Normal, is used to establish the control limits of the chart. Signal propability is used to measure the performance of the control chart in phase II, with the predictive limits calculated under different specifications of the prior distributions, and two different sizes of the calibration sample and the future sample. The simulation study evaluates three aspects: the effects of sample sizes, the distance of the prior mean to the mean of the calibration sample, and an indicator of how informative is the prior distribution of the population mean. In addition, in the case of unknown variance, we study what is the effect of changing values in the parameter ν. We found that the false alarm rate could be quite large if the prior distribution is very informative which in turn leads to an ARL (average run length) biased chart, that is, the maximum of the ARL is not given when the process is under control. Besides, we foundgreat influence of the prior distribution on the control chart power when the size of the calibration and future samples are small, particulary when the prior is very informative. Finally, regarding the effect of the parameter ν, we found that the smaller the value, which means having a less informative prior distribution, the lower the power of the control chart.
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