This paper aims to make a contribution to theory, as well as to practice, by identifying which practices are used by most private organizations in general and by sector of activity. The influence of practitioners' characteristics in the choice of project management practices and their use in groups are also analyzed. The results show that the most used project management practices are Kick-off Meeting, Activity List, Progress Meetings, Gantt Chart and Baseline Plan, however, differences between activity sectors and practitioners' characteristics were found. The results also indicate that the most used project management practices are, in fact, used as toolsets.

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A conceptual framework gathering current knowledge on embedding useful project management improvement initiatives (PMIIs) was developed from an exploratory study. The framework provides guidance to organisations interested in increasing their performance in the management of projects. This paper describes how the identified key PMIIs and key embedding factors in the framework are dependent on the organisational stakeholders' characteristics, namely primary role, PM experience, level of education, gender and age. A sample of 793 questionnaire responses from PM professionals worldwide is used. The sample size and the diversity of contexts in which the respondents are working, renders the analysis easier and more reliable. More specifically, using Principal Component Analysis and ANOVA Analysis the research identifies patterns on how different stakeholders see the improvement and embedment of PM practice in organisations.