Articles you may be interested inCrystallization of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with a stoichiometric oxide target J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 2214 (1995); 10.1116/1.579545 Effects of surface structures of MgO(100) single crystal substrates on ferroelectric PbTiO3 thin films grown by radio frequency sputtering J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13, 95 (1995); 10.1116/1.579392Raman scattering study of lead zirconate titanate thin films prepared on silicon substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

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Raman scattering is used to characterize thin films of PbTi1−xZrxO3. The films have been prepared on platinum-coated (100) silicon by radio-frequency (rf)-magnetron sputtering without substrate heating followed by a post-deposition annealing at 600–650 °C. As the concentration of Zr is increased, the Raman peaks broaden and their intensities decrease more rapidly compared with bulk ceramic or powder samples, while the background intensity increases. The observations show that the crystal structure of the films is locally deformed and significantly disordered. With increasing x, the soft E(TO) mode shifts to lower frequencies. An additional Raman peak appears besides the phonon peaks expected in a perfect crystal. The soft mode strongly couples with the extra mode, similarly with the case of ceramic samples. The results are related to features of the thin films such as a frustrated phase transition, i.e., smaller differences between the lattice parameters a and c in comparison with powder data, and an electrical behavior showing a diffuse ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition with a broad peak.

By computer simulation, we examined how a wall or a floor of a container affects the random packing structure of a cubic aggregate of spherical particles. We constructed a model of the aggregate by sequential accumulation of spheres in a cubic box using (A) cyclic boundary conditions only in the y-direction together with random ups and downs of the box floor to estimate the wall effect and (B) the conditions in both of the horizontal directions to extract the floor effect. Using the obtained packing data, we estimated the "area porosities" and cumulative frequencies of the diameters of circles appearing on some cross sections created by cutting the aggregate at different levels, both as functions of distance from the wall/floor. From these results, we found that the surface effect seems to extend as deep as 2.5 particle diameters from the wall and approximately 4.5 diameters from the floor.