Background: Vaccines are crucial for an effective global pandemic response. Despite the proven efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccine by the World Health Organization, some adverse effects have been reported. Aim: This was to determine the prevalence of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine among the healthcare workers, to assess the time of onset of symptoms after vaccination, to determine the total duration of persistent of symptoms after vaccination among respondents and to determine the socio-demographic and clinical predictors of adverse reactions among the participants. Materials and Method: This study was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study, and it was conducted at the General Hospital Ilorin (GHI), Kwara State. The study population consists of 121 health workers at GHI who received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Interviewers’ administered questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic and some clinical information from the participants. Clinical measurements were done using weighing scale, stadiometer, stethoscope, and sphygmomanometer. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.5±8.9. The most commonly reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among the participants were site tenderness (51.2%), site pain (51.2%), fatigue (25.6%), and myalgia (24%). There was no report of blood clotting problems among them (0%). The majority of the ADRs started within 30 minutes to about 24 hours after the respondents received their COVID-19 vaccine jabs except for arthralgia which developed after 24 hours in the majority of the respondents who had it (61.5%). Most of the ADRs resolved completely within 24 hours to 72 hours except for chills that lasted for less than 24 hours among the majority of the participants who had it (53.3%), and also myalgia that lasted for more than 72 hours among the highest percentage of participants who reported having it (41.4%). The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed no statistically significant predictors for the reactions (All reported P-values for all the regression coefficients were greater than 0.05). Conclusion: This study reported the prevalence, time of onset and duration of ARs to the first dose of AstraZeneca vaccine among health workers in Ilorin. The prevalence and pattern of the ARs reported is similar to those from other countries and continents. No report of severe anaphylactic reactions or blood clotting problems among the respondents. The time of onset and duration of most ARs were between 30 minutes to 24 hours, and less than 3 days respectively. The study also reported that no socio-demographic or clinical factors studied could significantly predict the occurrence of ARs among the participants.

Objectives Sexual activity tends to decline with age and is greatly impacted in postmenopausal women. This study aimed to describe the sexual activity pattern among postmenopausal Nigerian women and also detect socio-demographic and menopause-related predictors of their sexual activity. Methods In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 357 postmenopausal women between 45–60 years participated. Data was collected using the sexual activity questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire developed by the authors. Results The prevalence of sexual inactivity among the participants was 60%. This was attributed mainly to the unavailability of male partners (50.5%) and negative menopause-related sociocultural beliefs (23.8%). Among sexually active participants, 83.2% of them reported having pleasurable experiences and 53.8% of them reported no associated sexual discomfort. Only being in a marital relationship was found to be a statistically significant predictor of sexual activity among the participants (regression coefficient = 3.125, degree of freedom = 1, P < 0.0001). Conclusions We reported a high prevalence of sexual inactivity among the participants; the most important reasons given were the unavailability of their husbands and the belief that sexual intercourse was taboo during the postmenopausal period. The study also provided positive evidence for the importance of marriage for sexual activity among the participants.

Objectives There are limited data on the associated factors of circulating endogenous estradiol among Nigerian postmenopausal women. The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between serum estradiol levels and some menstrual, clinical, and sociodemographic factors in postmenopausal women attending a family medicine clinic in Nigeria. Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 372 postmenopausal women. Sociodemographic, menstrual, and clinical data of the participants were collected, and their serum estradiol concentrations were assayed. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21 statistical software. A χ 2 test of association and logistic regression analysis were done to identify significant correlates of serum estradiol concentration among the participants. Results The mean ages at menarche and menopause among the participants were 15.6 and 48.1 years respectively. Approximately half of them (51.1%) were receiving chronic medical care for systemic hypertension and/or diabetes. The mean estradiol concentration of the participants in the study was 20.69 pg/mL. The participants' marital status and clinical presentation pattern (chronic vs others) were found to have statistically significant associations with their serum estradiol concentration; P = 0.048 and P = 0.001, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only the clinical presentation pattern had a significant relationship with serum estradiol concentration among the participants (P = 0.002). Conclusion Of all the studied factors, the only significant correlate of low serum estradiol concentration found in this study was chronic medical care presentation for hypertension and/or diabetes.

Objectives: Cardiovascular risk can be predicted using lipid ratios such as the atherogenic index which is defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma triglyceride (TG) to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)-it is a useful prognostic parameter for guiding timely interventions and has also been employed as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. However, this is rarely used in the clinical practice in developing countries including Nigeria. Methods: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 382 hypertensive and diabetic patients attending outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Atherogenic risk profile, was categorized as low risk (<0.1), intermediate risk (0.1-0.24), and high risk (>0.24). Predictors were established using regression analysis. Level of significance was set at p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of participants was 56±12 years, 31.4% of participants had high atherogenic risk. This was higher among female patients (60.0%). Participants with high TC, high LDL, uncontrolled blood pressure had odds of 1.64, 1.43 and 1.17 times of developing high atherogenic risk respectively. Conclusion: A significant proportion of participants in this study population were at risk of developing atherosclerosis. Key identified populations at risk of CVD should be considered for routine artherogenic assessment.

Safe and effective vaccination remains the mainstay of control of COVID-19 because there is still no universally recommended treatment. This strategy is however being threatened by vaccine hesitancy and resistance due to fear of adverse events and safety concerns. It is, therefore, necessary to study post-vaccination adverse events (AE) in various populations and geographical areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in five major immunization centers of Kwara State Nigeria. A retrospective descriptive study of the adverse events following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination that were reported from five immunization centers of Kwara State, North-central Nigeria from March to July 2021 was carried out. Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 was used for analysis. Adverse event classification and severity were compared based on age, gender, and time to onset of adverse event and vaccine dose type using the Chi-square test. The incidence of COVID-19 vaccine AE was 1.6%. There was female predominance (51.6%) and a mean age of 41.6±13.7 years. Most of the AE (95.8%) were systemic and mild (81.1%) without a requirement for any therapeutic intervention. Fatal outcome was not reported in any of the AE and the time to outcome of AE was 2 days in most cases (45.3%). No significant association was found between the variables studied and the adverse event type and severity. The low incidence and mild nature of adverse events reported in this study will add to the body of knowledge regarding vaccine adverse events and may eventually impact vaccine uptake.