A method for estimation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) biomass crystallinity using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and partial least squares regression (PLS) as an alternative to the standard method using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) is proposed. Crystallinity was obtained using XRD from sugarcane bagasse. NIR spectra were obtained of the same material. PLS models were built using the NIR and crystallinity values. Cellulose crystallinity ranged from 50 to 81%. Two variable selection algorithms were applied to improve the predictive ability of models, i.e. (a) Ordered Predictors Selection (OPS) and (b) Genetic Algorithm. The best model, obtained with the OPS algorithm, presented values of correlation coefficient of prediction, root mean squared error of prediction and ratio of performance deviation equals to 0.92, 3.01 and 1.71, respectively. A scatter matrix among lignin, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, ash and crystallinity was built that showed that there was no correlation among these properties for the samples studied.

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The construction of a dispersive optical spectrometer using three-dimensional (3D) design software and printing, without applying any optical adjustments, its validation, and application to quantification of ethanol in multiproduct liquids, is the objective of this work. A 3D design software was used to design a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer in the region from 800 to 1600 nm from the dimensions of commercially available optical components. The project was printed on a polymer filament 3D printer, and the components were fitted to the printed part. Software calculations using the model design parameters were applied to attribute the wavelength values to the abscissa axis in the spectra and estimate errors due to 3D printing limitations. The alignment of the spectrum was proven using the chloroform absorbance spectrum, which presented a maximum mispositioning of 4.1 nm concerning the literature data and effective bandwidths equivalent to commercial instruments. The 3D-printed instrument was applied to quantify ethanol in samples of cachaça, rum, beer, brandy, whiskey, vodka, mouth wash, alcohol gel, and commercial alcohol solutions. Partial least-squares regression models were built for the 3D-printed instrument and two commercial NIR instruments, the MPA II (Bruker) and the NIR DLP NIRscan (Texas Instruments), using a group of 180 standards. The three instruments reached excellent predictive capability with similar root mean square error of cross-validation (2.36–2.68) and prediction (2.31–2.87). The correlation coefficient of cross-validation and prediction for all models were between 0.97 and 0.98. The results show the feasibility of building a 3D-printed dispersive spectrometer ready for application with the simple docking of the optics, presenting acceptable accuracy to the project design concerning the printing limitations.