Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary (OALD) stands out, on the EFL market, as the only EFL dictionary which has been continuously republished for over 70 years. With each new edition upgraded, OALD conforms to the contemporary language teaching and learning processes worldwide. This article presents its structural development-an evolution from its very first, Japanese edition in 1942 towards the latest one in 2015. The analysis deals with the development and changes within the macrostructural (front matter, the body, appendices) and microstructural (headword, spelling, pronunciation, part of speech, senses, definitions, illustrations, usage) frames of the dictionary. Keywords: macrostructure, microstructure, verb-patterns, OALD IntroductionWith development of science and technology, education and knowledge of foreign languages have become extremely important. Increased foreign language learners' needs have led to the cooperation of language teachers and dictionary compilers, which has resulted in certain observations that have set the stage for the development of a special foreign language learner dictionary 1 , which was first published during the 1930s 2 ."Equipped" with special additions, such a dictionary has had a considerable educational role in learning a foreign language since it enables the learners to improve their knowledge and language skills. As the greatest novelty of the 20th century, EFL dictionaries have made a significant contribution to English lexicography the more so their development does not stagnate. Owing to the longest tradition on the EFL market, which lasts about as much as the genre, OxfordAdvanced Learners' Dictionary has been the first serious contributor to the genre. Today, the OALD's editors carefully supervise and examine EFL learners' lexicographically relevant needs and according to them upgrade the dictionary's macro-and micro-structural elements. The following (sub)chapters deal with the elaboration of the OALD's macro-and micro-structural elements throughout its development. A Brief History of OALDOxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the first EFL dictionary aimed at more competent i.e. advanced foreign learner. Since its very first publication in Japan in 1942, under the title Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary (ISED), the dictionary has been republished nine times by Oxford University Press under the title Advanced Learners' Dictionary (ALD) / Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary (OALD). Behind the dictionary's creation is a fascinating story of a "simple teacher" whose passion for language teaching changed the way the world learns English.Albert Sydney Hornby, the author of OALD, was an English teacher in a small provincial college in Japan.He made language learning approachable by always using clear and understandable English. Hornby's interest in ordinary English words and phrases became almost obsessive. He would "hear and see things, make a note on a sheet of paper or a card, and drop it into a box" (The Man Who Made Dictionaries, 2015 Dictionaries, 20...

Purpose - The changes caused by economic and technological development are present in all sectors of an advanced industrial society. The educational sector as such is not exempt from such changes; on the contrary, changes in the educational sector are becoming necessary. The challenges in transforming the entire educational system affect all segments of the educational process, including curricula, learning materials, teaching practices, and educational stakeholders. The hospitality industry, as a part of the overall economy based on human resources due to its specificity, is different from other industries and as such has a direct impact on the design of the educational model for future hospitality employees. Methodology - This paper aims to identify trends in higher education institutions for the hospitality industry, with a particular focus on analyzing the top 15 QS ranking world universities. The focus of the paper is to identify the challenges faced by higher education institutions specializing in the field of hospitality education and to analyze the educational programs that respond to the challenges and needs of the market. For the analysis of the collected data, the study used a qualitative methodology, employing a summative content analysis. Findings - The analysis of the educational system of established universities in the field of tourism and hospitality provides insight into specific teaching models for the hospitality industry. The results of the research showed that the focus of universities is in the segment of a tailor-made specialization, an internship in high-quality hospitality brands, and subjects that have foundations in hospitality, management, food and beverage, and marketing. Contribution - The research findings of this paper provide insight into the direction of further innovation of degree programs specializing in the hospitality field.

Purpose - Developing the skills and competencies of employees through education and training is paramount to any business system. In tourism, especially in the hospitality industry, this is particularly important because of the special dynamics of the business, the variability of the environment, and the availability of labor. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and analyze research on education in the hospitality industry in the past decade (2012-2022). Design /Methodology - To create a systematic literature review, the authors analyzed articles indexed in the Web of Science database (Web of Science Core Collection). Based on a keyword search and content analysis, 138 research articles published in leading tourism and hospitality journals were identified as relevant to this study. Approach - The analysis of articles and conference proceedings followed a multi-step process. After selecting the relevant articles, two programs were used for further research. For citation and co-authorship analysis, the program Clarivate, and for co-authorship by country elements and cooccurrence analysis, the program VOSviewer. Findings - The findings of the paper provide an overview of education in the field of the hospitality industry and track the evolution of hospitality education over time. The paper identifies new areas of research in hospitality education. Originality of the research/Contribution - The contribution of the paper is a systematic literature review of hospitality education. The paper provides analysis of trends in current scientific research and defines under-researched segments of hospitality education.

Tourist animation is a combination of services and content aimed at improving the overall experience of the tourist service. The purpose of animation activities is to provide the guest with more than anticipated, to outperform guests’ expectations. The importance and significance of the added value that is provided to guests is increasingly emphasized. This paper was designed to overcome the deficit of research conducted in the field of tourist animation, especially the part related to the influence on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The main purpose of this research was to identify the factors of guest satisfaction that are positively related to the loyalty of guests in the hotel industry in the Republic of Croatia, through a review of the literature and the theory of guest satisfaction. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted in order to examine the impact of animation program offerings on guest satisfaction and loyalty from a manager’s perspective using a qualitative study. From the collected and analyzed data, it is possible to presume that the quality of animation programs, animators, and communication with the guest has a positive effect on guest satisfaction. Also, it has been found that the offer of animation programs affects the return and loyalty of guests. Based on the results obtained at the end of the paper, guidelines for further development in this area are proposed. The contribution of this paper is reflected in the acquisition of new knowledge regarding the impact of animation programs on guest satisfaction and loyalty, with an emphasis on the comprehensiveness of animation programs.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the key dimensions of relationship marketing that influence customer satisfaction, as well as the impact of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in a luxury hotel context. A survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 311 Croatian citizens who stayed in 5-star hotels in the year prior to the study. The research results show that not all dimensions of relationship marketing influence customer satisfaction. Competence, trust, and communication, as relationship marketing dimensions, have a statistically significant impact on customer satisfaction. The findings also suggest that customer satisfaction has a statistically significant influence on customer loyalty. This study contributes to the theory of relationship marketing. In addition, the obtained results have implications for hotel managers seeking to implement relationship marketing strategies to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty.