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RESUMO:O cerrado brasileiro é um bioma detentor de grande diversidade biológica. No entanto, são escassas as pesquisas de espécies vegetais, especialmente do cerrado mato-grossense, com potencial para serem utilizadas como filtros solares naturais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar o potencial fotoprotetor de espécies de diferentes famílias (Apocynaceae, Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae) do cerrado da região do Rio Manso, Chapada dos Guimarães -MT. A absorbância dos extratos etanólicos secos foram medidas em diferentes concentrações entre os comprimentos de onda de 260 a 400nm para verificar a absorção nas regiões ultravioleta A e B (UVA e UVB). As plantas que apresentaram absorbância na região estudada foram submetidas a uma análise fitoquímica qualitativa preliminar para determinar a presença de polifenóis e alcalóides, constituintes característicos de plantas que absorvem a radiação UV. Os extratos etanólicos secos que apresentaram absorção em UVB foram submetidos ao teste de determinação in vitro do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) desenvolvido por Mansur. M. Velame apresentou absorção na região UVB com absorbância máxima em 318nm, enquanto que a L. pacari e O. hirsutissima apresentaram absorbância na região UVA. Na concentração utilizada e padronizada, nenhuma das espécies apresentou FPS ≥2, sendo assim não podem ser consideradas plantas com potencial fotoprotetor.Unitermos: Apocynaceae, atividade fotoprotetora, Cerrado de Mato Grosso, fator de proteção solar in vitro, Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae.ABSTRACT: "In vitro sunscreen activity evaluation of plants extracts from Mato Grosso cerrado". The Brazilian savanna is a holding biome of large biological diversity. However, the researches of plants species are scarce, especially at the Mato Grosso´s savanna; which have potential to be used as natural sunscreen. The objective of this research was to study the photoprotector potential of several species (Apocynaceae, Lythraceae, Oxalidaceae) from the savanna´s region at the Manso River, Chapada dos Guimarães -MT. The absorbance of dry ethanolic extracts were measured in different concentrations, between waves from 260nm until 400 nm in length. Just to check the absorption in the A and B ultraviolet regions (UVA and UVB). The plants that presented absorbance by the studied area were submitted to a preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis to determine if there are polyphenols and alkaloids inside, because they are typical constituents of plants that absorber the UV radiation. The dry ethanolic extracts, that presented absorption in UVB, were submitted to a in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination test, developed by Mansur. M.velame presented absorption in the UVB region with maximal absorbance at 318 nm, while L. pacari and O. hirsutissima presented absorbance in the UVA region. At the used and standardized concentration, no species presented SPF ≥ 2, so they cannot be considered plants with photoprotector potential.

Graphical abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Brazilian brown propolis as an intracanal medication against Enterococcus faecalis. Thirty dentin discs prepared from intact freshly extracted bovine maxillary central incisors were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. The specimens were distributed into six groups according to the medicament used as follows: G1-calcium hydroxide paste; G2-Carbowax 400 (control group); G3-20% brown propolis paste; G4-40% brown propolis paste; G5-20% brown propolis paste + calcium hydroxide paste; and G6-40% brown propolis paste + calcium hydroxide paste. The experimental pastes were placed into the canal lumen and left for 14 days. After each period, irrigation was performed with sterile saline to remove the medicament, and the canals were dried with sterile paper points. The dentin chips were removed from the canals with sequential sterile round burs at low speed and were immediately collected in separate test tubes containing BHI broth. The tubes were incubated at 37°C, and microbial growth was analyzed by spectrophotometry after 15 days. All the experimental medications significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria. The G4 and G5 pastes were more effective than the G1 paste, with 35.8%, 41%, and 21.3% antibacterial activity, respectively. Brazilian brown propolis shows antibacterial capacity against E. faecalis.

Ethanol extracts from six selected species from the Cerrado of the Central-Western region of Brazil, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and other medical conditions, namely Erythroxylum suberosum St. Hil. (Erythroxylaceae), Hyptis crenata Pohl. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), Roupala brasiliensis Klotz. (Proteaceae), Simarouba versicolor St. Hil. (Simaroubaceae), Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae) and Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March. (Burseraceae), as well as fractions resulting from partition of these crude extracts, were screened in vitro for their antifungal and antibacterial properties. The antimicrobial activities were assessed by the broth microdilution assay against six control fungal strains, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans, and five control Gram-positive and negative bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Toxicity of the extracts and fractions against Artemia salina was also evaluated in this work. All plants investigated showed antimicrobial properties against at least one microorganism and two species were also significantly toxic to brine shrimp larvae. The results tend to support the traditional use of these plants for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders and/or skin diseases, opening the possibility of finding new antimicrobial agents from these natural sources. Among the species investigated, Hyptis crenata, Erythroxylum suberosum and Roupala brasiliensis were considered the most promising candidates for developing of future bioactivity-guided phytochemical investigations.