The article highlights the trends of the present world, the informatization of society, the intensive development of innovative technologies entails a rethinking of values in art and language environment. Learning a language certainly includes considering a whole range of external circumstances in which it really develops and actively functions: the society that uses the language, its social structure, age difference between native speakers, social status, level of culture and education, place of residence, as well as differences in their speech behavior depending on the language situation. The relevance of the study is determined by the change in human consciousness during the postmodern cultural era, a feature of which is the rethinking of values, the definition of specific trends in the philosophical essence of the postmodern. The study presents the theoretical foundations of postmodern reflection in the social manifestation of speech. Postmodern forms a value attitude to progress as a single unchanging constant, formed throughout historical development. The article examines the conditions of equality of social factors between men and women who choose different strategies of speech behavior, manifested in the models of text construction, use of linguistic means, associations arising in both sexes as one of the aspects of postmodern semantic representation. In the course of the study the concept of "ethnicity" is defined, replacing the concept of "ethnos" and denoting the existence of separate ethnic groups. The study is based on the method of analysis and synthesis, the research, descriptive and scientific method was used to determine the postmodern aspect of the social factor of language variation. The results of the study are the basis for determining the social factor of speech in the context of postmodern society.
У статті автор розкриває основні напрями та принципи виховання у народних школах Підкарпатської Русі, як-от: релігійне, духовне, моральне, патріотичне, фізичне, трудове, естетичне. А систематизація педагогічних поглядів тогочасних освітян, їх педагогічних праць, у свою чергу, уможливила виокремлення та розкриття найважливіших виховних принципів організації змісту шкільної гуманітарної освіти досліджуваного періоду: релігійності, національності та народності, моральності й гуманізму, духовності, полікультурності, індивідуального підходу, виховуючого навчання. Принцип релігійності вважався одним із основних принципів, який охоплював увесь освітній процес. Релігійне виховання опиралось на систематичному веденню дитини до присвоєння людських чеснот і був ефективним шляхом морального виховання, вироблення моральних норм поведінки, формування світогляду людини загалом. Народ Підкарпатської Русі любив свою культуру, мову, історію і традиції. Так, принцип народності виявлявся у знанні народної мови, історії рідного краю та народу, вихованні волі та веденні до постійної праці на благо народу. У процесі формування всебічно розвиненої особистості чільне місце належить моральному вихованню. Принцип моральності й гуманізму простежувався у всьому освітньому процесі, оскільки моральні чесноти дитина здобувала власними силами, життєвим досвідом, незалежно від впливу і поглядів оточення, розуміння добра і зла, правди і неправди. Принцип виховуючого навчання випливав із закономірностей навчання в народних школах, де особистість учителя, сприяла й ого реалізації . На початку ХХ століття принцип полікультурності був тісно пов’язаний із гармоній ним розвитком ідей но-моральних, естетично-емоцій них засобів виховання дітей різних національностей , ї х впливу на процес виховання моральності, духовності та естетичних цінностей народу. Цей принцип вирізняється актуальністю і сьогодні. Визначені принципи і напрями виховання у викладанні предметів гуманітарного циклу в школах Підкарпатської Русі закладають паростки для формування гуманітарних цінностей, моральних якостей людини, ідеалів формування особистості на сучасному етапі розвитку освіти, компетентнісного навчання учнів і є вкрай важливими.
At the present stage of development of education, the application of progressive ideas of the past in modern educational practice of learning foreign languages is to use the method of globalism in secondary schools and in primary schools in particular. The proposed method includes communicative, cognitive, thematic and creative approaches, because the process of learning foreign languages by the method of globalization is associated with the activation of each student, creating situations conducive to the development of creative abilities. In the article the author considers the problem of application of progressive ideas of the past in modern educational practice of studying foreign languages. This issue is revealed in terms of the use of the method of globalism in secondary schools and in primary school of the period of Pidkarpatska Rus in particular. The author reveals the main aspects of the use of the method of global studies in schools, described by various researchers who appreciate the method of globalization. From the point of view of the global method, interest is a very important factor. As soon as a student enters the reading process, he grows interested in material he has not yet read. Usually, interest in reading arises from various relevant and often drawn stories, which are the key to good reading. Language, reading and writing in primary schools in Pidkarpatska Rus were considered the most important factors in primary education. In particular, the last two are the most noticeable in the global method. It should be noted the importance of using educational games in teaching reading the global method. In the pedagogy of Decrol, educational games became important, which were used to develop a variety of knowledge and to arouse students' interest in new ones. In general, the main goal of the game was to develop attention and controlled activity. The results of the study can be implemented in the practice of modern school and in the process of preparing future teachers of foreign languages to work with students in a multicultural environment. Key words: Pidkarpatska Rus, foreign languages, the method of globalization, multicultural environment, the principle of conformity to nature.
Mathematical competence plays an essential role among subject-specific competences of primary school teachers. One should be able to think mathematically, understand mathematical proofs, communicate in “the language of mathematics” and use appropriate codification resources, which makes the concept of mathematical competence rather vital. The concept of primary school teachers’ mathematical competence can be specified through its structure. In this regard, this article analyzes scientific approaches to determining the components of this phenomenon. The structure of future primary school teachers’ mathematical competence is viewed as a system of the following components: motivational-axiological, cognitive, activity-related, communicative, reflexive-creative. It must be noted that the process of developing the structure of this competence and its components, especially content- and activity-related ones, required the authors of the article to analyze regulatory documents and syllabi of the mathematics course of six higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ukraine. All the analyzed syllabi indicate which knowledge, skills and abilities future graduates should possess. The chosen HEIs distribute academic workload differently; at the same time, the content of educational material to be studied is almost identical. The elements of future primary school teachers’ mathematical competence are as follows: arithmetic, algebraic, geometric, that of identical transformations of mathematical expressions, logical
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