Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have immense potential for future spintronic and valleytronic applications due to their 2D nature and long spin/valley lifetimes. We investigate the origin of these long-lived states in n-type WS2 using time-resolved Kerr rotation microscopy and photoluminescence microscopy with ~1 µm spatial resolution. Comparing the spatial dependence of the Kerr rotation signal and the photoluminescence reveals a correlation with neutral exciton emission, which is likely due to the transfer of angular momentum to resident conduction electrons with long spin/valley lifetimes. In addition, we observe an unexpected anticorrelation between the Kerr rotation and trion emission, which provides evidence for the presence of long-lived spin/valley-polarized dark trions. We also find that the spin/valley polarization in WS2 is robust to magnetic fields up to 700 mT, indicative of spins and valleys that are stabilized with strong spin–orbit fields.

This study was an experimental research with randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were students at muslim school of 12-16 years old. In the study group consisted of experimental and control groups. The experimental group received relaxation with dzikir training for four meetings with the duration of each meeting 1-2 hours. The scale of subjective well-being is adapted from the SWLS scale (satisfaction with life scale) developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985), and the positive and negative affect schedule from Watson, Clark, and Tellegen (1988). Data were analyzed using t-test based on gain score. The results showed that there was a significant difference in subjective well-being between experiment and control group Sig (p) = 0.001 (p <0.01). The conclusions showed that the level of subjective well-being of the adolescent have increased after being given the intervension of relaxation with dzikir. These results are also supported by observational and interview data that indicated that in general the participants in the intervention reported perceived change after the training, such as the feeling of feel restful, more comfortable, relieved, confident, eager, and more grateful to God’s favor.

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