PurposeTo estimate the total healthcare cost associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes in Indonesia and its projection for 2025.MethodsA prevalence-based cost-of-illness model was constructed from previous population-based DR study. Projection for 2025 was derived from estimated diabetes population in 2025. Direct treatment costs of DR were estimated from the perspective of healthcare. Patient perspective costs were obtained from thorough interview including only transportation cost and lost of working days related to treatment. We developed four cost-of-illness models according to DR severity level, DR without necessary treatment, needing laser treatment, laser +intravitreal (IVT) injection and laser + IVT +vitrectomy. All costs were estimated in 2017 US$.ResultsThe healthcare costs of DR in Indonesia were estimated to be $2.4 billion in 2017 and $8.9 billion in 2025. The total cost in 2017 consisted of the cost for no DR and mild–moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) requiring eye screening ($25.9 million), severe NPDR or proliferative DR (PDR) requiring laser treatment ($0.25 billion), severe NPDR or PDR requiring both laser and IVT injection ($1.75 billion) and advance level of PDR requiring vitrectomy ($0.44 billion).ConclusionsThe estimated healthcare cost of DR in Indonesia in 2017 was considerably high, nearly 2% of the 2017 national state budget, and projected to increase significantly to more than threefold in 2025. The highest cost may incur for DR requiring both laser and IVT injection. Therefore, public health intervention to delay or prevent severe DR may substantially reduce the healthcare cost of DR in Indonesia.

We detected a novel, recessive nonsense mutation (p.W161X) in the RHO gene of two families through mutation screening of RHO in 38 Indonesian RP patients. Haplotype analysis suggested that p.W161X was the founder mutation.

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AbstrakCangkok konjungtiva sudah lama digunakan pada bidang oftalmologi. Metode yang digunakan saat ini untuk menempelkan cangkok konjungtiva adalah menggunakan teknik jahitan dan lem fibrin. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji coba menggunakan lem albumin pada cangkok konjungtiva kelinci sebagai alternatif lain selain menggunakan teknik jahitan dalam penempelan cangkok konjungtiva. Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan penyembuhan luka cangkok konjungtiva bulbi antara teknik lem albumin dan jahitan pada mata kelinci. Dilakukan animalexperimental study pada 32 mata (16 ekor kelinci) di PT. Bio Farma (Persero) dan laboratorium Histologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Maret 2014-Juli 2014, terbagi kelompok teknik lem albumin dan teknik jahitan. Dilakukan pemeriksaan meliputi perbandingan derajat perlekatan cangkok konjungtiva bulbi pada teknik lem albumin dan teknik jahitan yang diamati hari-1 pascabedah serta dilakukan pemeriksaan histologis secara mikroskopik untuk mendapatkan data celah luka yang diamati 10 menit dan hari-7 pascabedah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Mann-Whitney test for small sample. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan perlekatan cangkok konjungtiva bulbi secara bermakna lebih kuat pada teknik lem albumin (derajat 4) dibanding dengan teknik jahitan (derajat 2 dan 3) pada hari-1 pascabedah dengan nilai p=0,000 serta terdapat perbedaan celah luka (wound gap) bermakna antara teknik lem albumin (0-0,33 µm) dan jahitan (5,33-14 µm) (p=0,0005)pada cangkok konjungtiva dilihat sepuluh menit pascabedah dan pada hari-7 pascabedah untuk teknik lem albumin (0 µm) dan teknik jahitan (0,33-4 µm) dengan nilai p=0,0005. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah derajat perlekatan jaringan cangkok pada teknik lem albumin lebih baik dibanding dengan jahitan hari-1 pascabedah, sedangkan celah luka lebih kecil pada teknik lem albumin dibanding dengan teknik jahitan pada pengamatan 10 menit dan hari-7 pascabedah. [MKB. 2016;48(4):241-8] Kata kunci: Jahitan, lem albumin, penyembuhan luka konjungtiva Egg Albumin as Adhesive in Conjunctival Graft Surgery AbstractCConjunctival graft has been frequently used in the field of ophthalmology. The frequently used methods to attach a conjunctival graft are suture technique and the use of fibrin glue. This study was to investigate albumin glue as an alternative to suture technique in attaching conjunctival grafts in rabbits. The aim of this study was to compare the conjunctival wound healing between albumin glue and suture technique in rabbit eye as a model. This was an experimental animal study that included 32 eyes (16 rabbits) conducted at PT. Bio Farma (Persero) and the Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran from March 2014 to July 2104. The subjects in this study were divided into albumin glue group and suture technique group. The examinations were comparison of conjunctival graft attachment and histologic microscopic examination to assess the wound gap. Data analysis was performed statistically using Mann-Whitney test for small sampl...