Background:The main objective of the present systematic review is to identify potential risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through prospective cohort studies in pediatric inpatients. Methods: The data search was done in the following electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE; Scopus; LILACS and Web of Science from the earliest record until 31 May 2015. Two reviewers independently screened each study and one of them assessed the methodological quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies. The data extraction was conducted according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative for cohort studies. Results:The only risk factor observed in all studies was the increase in the number of prescription drugs. However, other factors were identified, such as the increase in the length of stay or the number of low-or high-risk drugs prescribed, use of general anesthesia and oncological diagnosis. The cumulative incidence of ADR was 16.4% (95% confidence interval: 15.6 to 17.2). The main professional responsible for ADR identification was the pharmacist and the dominant category among the ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, analgesics, antibacterial agents and corticosteroids were the drug classes commonly associated with ADRs. The methodology used in this study was tried to homogenize the data extracted; however, this was not sufficient to correct the discrepancies so it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. Conclusions:The increase in the number of prescription drugs was the main risk factor in this population. However, additional studies are required to identify the risk factors for ADRs in pediatric inpatients.

A panel of national experts was convened by the Brazilian Infectious Diseases Society in order to organize the national recommendations for the management of zika virus infection. The focus of this document is the diagnosis, both clinical and laboratorial, and appropriate treatment of the diverse manifestations of this infection, ranging from acute mild disease to Guillain-Barré syndrome and also microcephaly and congenital malformations.

Objective:to evaluate the conformity of care practices of the nursing team during the administration of drugs through central vascular catheter. Method:a descriptive, prospective, observational study conducted in an Intensive Care Unit. The non-probabilistic intentional sample consisted of 3402 observations of drug administrations in patients with central vascular catheters. The previously validated collection instrument was constructed based on the Guideline for Prevention of Intravascular catheter-related infections. Data was collected through direct observations of nursing practices performed by the nursing team. The analysis used analytical, descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test). Results:a total of 3402 procedures of drug administrations were observed. Female nursing technicians performed the highest number of actions. In none of the procedures did the professional perform all necessary actions. 0.2% of drug administrations were preceded by hand hygiene and 1.3% by disinfection of the multidose vial, ampoule or injectors. Conclusion:the practice evaluated was classified as undesirable. Failure to achieve the desired conformity was probably due to the low adherence of professionals to the practice of hand hygiene and disinfection of materials, injectors and connectors.

Desde a publicação da primeira relação de medicamentos essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 1977, essa instituição de saúde e diversas outras em todo o mundo têm fomentado a importância da promoção de políticas de medicamentos essenciais para os serviços de saúde. Apesar da inegável contribuição para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, a implantação de comitês que gerenciem a implantação de listas de medicamentos essenciais ainda é um desafio para os gestores do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar uma ferramenta de gestão, proposta pelo economista Carlos Matus, para a superação das dificuldades de implantação de Comissões de Farmácia e Terapêutica nos serviços hospitalares do estado de Sergipe. Para isso, a equipe de pesquisadores realizou, em conjunto com os atores do serviço, a implantação do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES) por meio dos momentos explicativo, normativo, estratégico e tático-operacional. Por meio deste trabalho, observou-se que o método PES caracteriza-se como uma ferramenta recomendada para a implantação de atividades fundamentais da seleção de medicamentos, agrupadas em três objetivos gerais alcançados: 1) a regulamentação de fluxos e procedimentos para a seleção de medicamentos; 2) a organização de comissões de farmácia e terapêutica e 3) a elaboração de listas de medicamentos essenciais.

PurposeThe present study aims to identify the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADR) in pediatric inpatients.MethodsA prospective cohort study in one general pediatric ward in a hospital in Northeast Brazil was conducted in two stages: the first stage was conducted between August 17th and November 6th, 2015, and the second one between March 1st and August 25th, 2016. We included children aged 0–14 years 11 months hospitalized with a minimum stay of 48 hours. Observed outcomes were the ADR occurrence and the time until the first ADR observed. In the univariate analysis, the time to the first ADR was compared among groups using a log-rank test. For the multivariate analysis, the Cox regression model was used.ResultsA total of 173 children (208 admissions) and 66 ADR classified as “definite” and “probable” were identified. The incidence rate was 3/100 patient days. The gastro-intestinal system disorders were the main ADR observed (28.8%). In addition, 22.7% of the ADR were related to antibacterials for systemic use and 15.2% to general anesthesia. Prior history of ADR of the child [hazard ratio (HR) 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–5.00], the use of meglumine antimonate (HR 4.98; 95% CI 1.21–20.54), antibacterial for systemic use (HR 2.75; 95% CI 1.08–6.98) and antiepileptic drugs (HR 3.84; 95% CI 1.40–10.56) were identified risk factors for ADR.ConclusionsWe identified as risk factors the prior history of ADR of the child and the use of meglumine antimonate, antibacterial for systemic use and antiepileptic drugs.