Background: The aim of the study was to determine a prognostic value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) ratios for survival of patients, operated on due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The study was conducted on 532 patients, operated on due to NSCLC, in stages IA-IIIA. A total of 174 females and 358 males, aged 36-84 years (the mean age: 63.6 years) were included in the study. The following factors were subject to a statistical analysis, conducted for determination of potential prognostic values of NLR, PLR and LMR ratios: age, sex, nicotinism, the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, histopathological diagnosis, T category, N category, the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), kind of surgery, patient survival. Results: The single-factor analysis revealed a relationship between NLR, PLR and LMR values, CCI values, the number of monocytes and the length of survival. The multi-factor analysis confirmed that for patients with expected 2-year survival, PLR above 138 (P=0.0008) is another negative prognostic factor, apart from the stage of the neoplastic disease and CCI above 4. For 5-year survival, such a relationship was not observed. Conclusions: The PLR ratio is an independent and significant prognostic factor for expected, over 2-year survival of patients operated on due to NSCLC.

the ABCB1 gene belongs to Atp binding cassette (ABc) transporter genes that has been previously implicated in cancer progression and drug response. this study aimed to evaluate the association between the SNP 3435 and the expression of the ABCB1 gene in lung cancer patients in the polish population in comparison to clinicopathological parameters and treatment. 150 RNA and 47 DNA samples were isolated from 49 lung cancer cases including both tissue samples and blood taken from the same patients at three time points: diagnosis, 100 days and one year after the surgical intervention. Qualitative and real-time pcR analysis of expression were done, also genotyping by PCR-RFLP. Mutant homozygous TT and allele T are present statistically significantly more frequently in the group of patients with lung cancer. There is no difference with expression level in lung cancer tissue and blood sample taken from the same patients before surgical treatment. on the basis of blood samples analysis it was observed that the expression level of ABCB1 mRnA was growing in time. Higher levels were marked after 100 days and one year after the surgical intervention. The complementary pharmacological treatment induced higher expression levels of ABCB1. the presented data suggest an important role of ABCB1 in lung cancer, the increasing level of ABCB1 mRnA which can be connected with induction of multidrug resistance mechanism is also significant, that observation must be confirmed in further analysis.

The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic significance of PLR and NLR ratios in patients operated due to non-small cell lung cancer. Material:The study group consisted of 532 (174 women, 358 men) patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staged IA-IIIA. The mean age was 63.6 years (range 36 to 84 years). Together with platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the following factors were included in the statistical analysis: age, sex, smoking history, the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, histopathology, T-stage, N-stage, concomitant diseases according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), type of operation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and overall survival. Results: Univariate analysis showed an association between the value of PLR and NLR and the length of survival. Multivariate analysis found that the stage of advancement of the neoplastic disease (p=0.00003), adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.009), CCI > 4 (0.00008), and PLR > 144 (p=0.001) were negative prognostic factors for survival > 2 years; however, this effect diminishes in patients surviving more than 5 years. Conclusion: PLR might serve as a prognostic factor in patients affected by NSCLC with expected two-year overall survival.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine a survival prognostic value of selected blood morphological rates of patients, operated on due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The study was conducted on 532 patients, surgically treated due to NSCLC, in stages IA-IIIA, 174 females and 358 males, mean age 63.6 years (36-84 years) were included in the study. Blood parameters and clinical factors were included in statistical analysis, in order to determine potential prognostic values of red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of red cell and hemoglobin. Factors contained: age, sex, smoking history, histopathological diagnosis , T category, N category, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), kind of surgery, patient survival. Results:The univariate analysis revealed a dependence of the value of RDW-SD and CCI values, the number of monocytes, NLR and PLR values, neoplasia stage and the overall survival. The multivariate analysis confirmed that not only N2 category and the value of CCI above 4 are negative prognostication factors, but also RDW-SD above 43 fL (P=0.00007) and PLR above 138 (P=0.001) are such negative factors of survival prognosis. Conclusions: RDW-SD is an independent and significant prognostic factor of patients' survival operated on due to NSCLC.

Background The RAS family protooncogenes, including KRAS, NRAS and HRAS, encode proteins responsible for the regulation of growth, differentiation and survival of many cell types. The HRAS and KRAS oncogene mutations are well defined, however, the clinical significance of RAS expressions in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still uncertain. Methods A total of 39 whole blood samples of NSCLC (the investigated group), collected at three points of time: at the time of diagnosis, 100 days and 1 year after the surgery as well as 35 tissue samples obtained during the surgery were included in this study. HRAS and KRAS genes mRNA expression were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Results Increased relative HRAS mRNA level in blood was found significantly more frequently in the group of smokers (p = 0.008). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma subtypes of NSCLC were more likely to show an overexpression of HRAS gene in blood, but not statistically significant (p = 0.065). In tumor tissue overexpression of HRAS gene was associated with adenocarcinoma subtype (p = 0.049). No statistically significant associations were found for the expression of KRAS with any clinicopathological parameters, except the age of patients, within the study. There were no differences between the relative HRAS and KRAS genes expression levels in blood samples taken from the same patients during the 3 observation points, as well as between blood collected from patients before surgery and tissue samples obtained during operation. Conclusion The potential associations between high HRAS expression levels, age, smoking status and histological type of cancer were observed, which emphasizes the need for further study of the RAS family. Therefore, subsequent research involving larger numbers of patients and a longer follow-up, as well as multicenter study are necessary to confirm our findings.