Abstract. This paper is evaluating the factors effecting the increasing in the numbers of foreign workers on site. A critical review of the literature was abstract because of the Malaysian economics is booming and the characteristics of the construction industry itself make the foreigners comfortable works on site. This paper discusses the results from the conducted questionnaire survey among the contractors in Selangor. Based on the average index, there are several factors identified by the respondents such as shortage of manpower, reluctant of local labour, project increased the demand for labour and accelerating economic development. This factor will improve the decision making process in recruiting labour on site.

Abstract. Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems is part of the overall management system that facilitates the management of the OS&H risks associated with the business of the organization. This includes the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the organization's OS&H policy. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of awareness of contractors on OSH management systems. A total of 34 numbers of class A contractors in Kelantan registered with Pusat Khidmat Kontraktor (PKK) were randomly selected. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. The findings indicate that most of the Class A Contractor in Kelantan aware that the occupational safety and health management system are important and should be practiced to achieve zero accident and death on site.

Abstract. The North-South Expressway (NSE) (Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan) is the longest expressway in Malaysia with the total length of about 772 km (482 miles) running from Bukit Kayu Hitam in to Johor Bahru. It is known named after the highway's concessionaire, Projek Lebuhraya Utara Selatan Berhad (North South Expressway Project) abbreviated as PLUS Expressway. A study on the occupational safety among maintenance workers of PLUS Expressway was conducted. The aim for this research is to identify the hazards and determine the risk level of highway maintenance works. This research has identified the hazards occupies during highway maintenance works. Subsequently, the levels of risk for hazards during highway maintenance works are determined. The scope of this study is along the northern PLUS Expressway specified from Southern Ipoh to Bukit Kayu Hitam and focused on the maintenance workers of Projek Penyelenggaraan Lebuhraya Berhad (PROPEL). Eighty (80) sets of questionnaires survey on likelihood and severity of highway maintenance hazards have been distributed to highway maintenance workers. The data were analysed by using Excel to compose weightage average index (WAI) in order to compute the risk level of those hazards. The result concluded that the extreme level of hazard that occurred during maintenance of highway are hazards related to electricity, hazards that engage with scaffolding, hazards while using crane and hazards involve fire and explosion.

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Construction industry involves dangerous activities which few are exposed to a high risk of being fatal, injuries and damages to machinery and property. The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) have no exception to those accidents. The accident can bring economic burden to project stakeholders especially contractors and client. However, the accident cost is relatively complicated because of its “hidden” or “invisible” portion. Thus, this paper is aimed to determine the ratio of direct to indirect accident cost for railway construction projects. The study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire distributed to safety practitioners (n=11) at MRT and LRT construction projects. A total of 36 out of 43 reportable accident cases successfully collected for the study and were analysed with simple descriptive statistics. The findings show that the accident cost ratio for fatality is 1:1.22, permanent disability is 1:1.94, and temporary disability is 1:1.19. The overall accident ratio for all accident classifications is 1:1.23. The findings of the current study may impact future safety cost estimation process in determining the hidden accident costs for railway construction projects.