Construction industry involves dangerous activities which few are exposed to a high risk of being fatal, injuries and damages to machinery and property. The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) have no exception to those accidents. The accident can bring economic burden to project stakeholders especially contractors and client. However, the accident cost is relatively complicated because of its “hidden” or “invisible” portion. Thus, this paper is aimed to determine the ratio of direct to indirect accident cost for railway construction projects. The study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire distributed to safety practitioners (n=11) at MRT and LRT construction projects. A total of 36 out of 43 reportable accident cases successfully collected for the study and were analysed with simple descriptive statistics. The findings show that the accident cost ratio for fatality is 1:1.22, permanent disability is 1:1.94, and temporary disability is 1:1.19. The overall accident ratio for all accident classifications is 1:1.23. The findings of the current study may impact future safety cost estimation process in determining the hidden accident costs for railway construction projects.

Accidents may harm any part of the body and may lead to minor injury or even fatalities. The effects of bodily injury may incur substantial direct costs and indirect costs to companies. The applications of existing accident costs ratios seem to be unsatisfactory for rail infrastructure project due to its unique accident situation and work environment. The purpose of the paper is to determine the ratio of direct costs to indirect costs for bodily injury in railway construction projects. A total of 70 accident cases between years 2010-2017 occurred in the railway construction projects were examined. The findings of the study may offer useful insight for safety practitioners in the estimation of direct and indirect costs for bodily injury accident costs on future railway construction projects.

Safety and health issues are very sensitive matters as they deal with human life. Unfortunately, the financial aspect of safety and health issues have been neglected as everybody wants safety, but nobody wants to pay a single cent for it. Work injuries create significant economic and humanitarian consequences to our society especially to the construction of urban rail infrastructure projects, where they involve billion of Malaysian Ringgit (RM). Understanding injuries and accident costs are necessary to an organisation when set up a budget on safety and health control. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on occupational safety and health typology costs for these projects. A review of the literature identified a set of components of safety and health cost typologies involved for the construction of these projects. The safety and health cost typologies comprise the 11 possible components for prevention, evaluation and monitoring costs, five components for direct costs of an accident, 16 for indirect costs of an accident and one component for an extraordinary cost. Underestimated cost of occupational safety and health could threaten the progress and overall project cost control and that affects the successful completion of these construction projects.

This paper presents the findings of a preliminary survey, which is consist of three criteria as the main focus, namely the identification of critical phases for safety cost allocation, issues, and importance of safety and health cost allocation and potential respondent for this research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven (7) construction stakeholders who are involved in urban rail infrastructure project. The transcription and interpretation from the interview findings were carried out using Atlas.ti© qualitative software. The respondent views are needed to obtain safety items and related issues in developing this framework mainly for estimating the safety cost allocation.