3-Isoxazolols can be made in good yields from β-ketoesters or diketene and hydroxylamine, provided that pH is kept at about 10 throughout the reaction, and that the reaction mixture is quenched with an excess of strong mineral acid. This suppresses the formation of 5-isoxazolones, which are otherwise normally the main products of the reaction.

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Abstract-The aerobic biodegradation of thiophene, benzothiophene, and benzofuran was studied in microcosm experiments using groundwater microorganisms as inoculum. Benzofuran, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing oxygen, was biodegraded as a sole source of carbon and energy measured by the disappearance of the compound, whereas two heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing sulphur (thiophene and benzothiophene) were not used as growth substrates. Thiophene was biodegraded with benzene, toluene, and to some extent ethylbenzene as primary substrates. Some biodegradation of thiophene was observed when p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were the primary substrates. Benzothiophene was completely transformed, with all eight primary substrates investigated except for benzene and p-xylene, in which 34 and 6% of benzothiophene, respectively, remained after 40 d of incubation. Although benzofuran could be used as a sole source of carbon and energy, data showed that the biodegradation of benzofuran definitely was enhanced by the biodegradation of the primary substrates used.

a) Die Solvolyse des Chlorids (Ia) in wäßrigem Alkohol oder Dioxan liefert die 4 Verbindungen (II), (IIIa), (IIIb) und (IV).

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