Tillage and pendimethalin either alone or in combination were compared for weed management in two potato cultivars. The best weed management program consisted of a combination of pendimethalin and tillage. Pendimethalin alone did not adequately control weeds. Multiple cultivations gave better control than pendimethalin alone but not as good as pendimethalin and cultivation combined. The net returns using tillage, pendimethalin, and tillage plus pendimethalin for weed control averaged –$86, –$208, and $ 143/ha, respectively. Independent of their effect on weeds, cultivation had a significant negative effect and pendimethalin a significant positive effect on potato yields. Each cultivation reduced yields by 1.7% and pendimethalin increased yields by 4%. The cultivar ‘Red Pontiac’ was a better competitor with weeds than ‘Red Norland’.

We aim to determine whether administration of higher doses of naloxone for the treatment of opioid overdose is associated with increased pulmonary complications.Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of 1,831 patients treated with naloxone by the City of Pittsburgh Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. Emergency medical services and hospital records were abstracted for data in regard to naloxone dosing, route of administration, and clinical outcomes, including the development of complications such as pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia, and aspiration pneumonitis. For the purposes of this investigation, we defined highdose naloxone as total administration exceeding 4.4 mg. Multivariable analysis was used to attempt to account for confounders such as route of administration and pretreatment morbidity.Results: Patients receiving out-of-hospital naloxone in doses exceeding 4.4 mg were 62% more likely to have a pulmonary complication after opioid overdose (42% versus 26% absolute risk; odds ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 3.18). This association remained statistically significant after multivariable analysis with logistic regression (odds ratio 1.85; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 3.04). A secondary analysis showed an increased risk of 27% versus 13% (odds ratio 2.57; 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 4.54) when initial naloxone dosing exceeded 0.4 mg. Pulmonary edema occurred in 1.1% of patients. Conclusion:Higher doses of naloxone in the out-of-hospital treatment of opioid overdose are associated with a higher rate of pulmonary complications. Furthermore, prospective study is needed to determine the causality of this relationship.

The production of high sugar yielding crops of sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L.) is highly dependent on available N. Excessive N fertilization is frequently cited as a cause of low sugar containing beets, which has become a problem in todays beet industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of N soil tests to predict N fertilizer requirements for this crop. Fertilizer trials consisting of 4 N rates (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N/ha) were conducted on 33 farm sites in central and eastern Colorado over a 2‐year period. Soils ranged in texture from sandy loam to clay loam and were generally calcareous at or near the surface having a pH > 7.0. The results show that soil NO3‐N levels measured before planting are useful in estimating the N requirements of the sugarbeet crop. Soil NO3‐N levels were closely correlated with crop yield and sucrose percentage. Regression analysis indicated that yield and recoverable sugar responses to fertilizer N are unlikely when soil NO3‐N levels (0 to 60 cm) are > 130 kg/ha. A linear decrease in sucrose percent resulted from increasing N levels. Soil NO3‐N had a greater effect on sucrose percentage and plant N content than did an equal amount of fertilizer N during both years. An assessment of the NO3‐N content of the soil to at least the 60‐cm depth was found to be an adequate index of soil mineral N availability.

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