Příspěvek hodnotí vybrané parametry zrna a sladu nových přírůstků z Kolekce genetických zdrojů jarního ječmene, vedené v Zemědělském výzkumném ústavu Kroměříž, s.r.o. v letech 2003-2005. Výsledky hodnocení 113 odrůd z diferencovaných regionů původu potvrdily nejvyšší sladovnickou jakost souboru odrůd ze západní a střední Evropy, se zaměřením na selekci materiálů s vysokým obsahem zkvasitelných látek. Rovněž poukázaly na pokrok ve šlechtění sladovnických ječmenů, dosažený v zemích severní Evropy (Švédsko a Dánsko). Některé české odrůdy, speciálně šlechtěné pro využití k výrobě tzv. českého typu piva, se vyznačovaly nižšími hodnotami dosažitelného stupně prokvašení. Zařazení odrůd s odlišným typem pluchatosti zrna a řadovosti klasu se odrazilo ve vysoké variabilitě ukazatelů modifikace zrna, barvy sladu i zákalu sladiny. Významné diference v hodnotách friability a beta-glukanů ve sladu byly zjištěny mezi pluchatými a bezpluchými odrůdami, nejvyšší hodnoty zákalu sladiny i barvy sladu byly naměřeny u německé bezpluché odrůdy Lawina. Pro naše pěstební podmínky se jako nejméně vhodné jevily odrůdy z východní Evropy (především Ruska a Lotyšska), které kromě vyššího obsahu škrobu nevynikaly žádnými požadovanými sladařskými parametry ani hospodářsky významnými vlastnostmi.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a vegetatively propagated species that has been used as a culinary and medic-inal plant and it is a source of sulphur-containing compounds. Our objectives are to assess S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxide (SACS) content and to characterise genotypically, a set of 135 accessions, which have previously been assigned standard morphological descriptors. HPLC was used to assay the amount of sulphur-containing compounds, while AFLP was used as the genotyping platform. The 286 different informative AFLP fragments identified across the collection were subjected to principal component anal-ysis. Eight clusters were obtained: two consisted exclusively of A. sativum L. var. ophioscorodon clones; four clusters grouped together both non-bolting and semi-bolting clones (all classified as var. sativum); the remaining two contained only non-bolting types. AFLP genotyping successfully differentiated var. ophioscorodon from var. sativum clones. Semi-bolters were not distinguished from the non-bolting clones. A K-clustering analysis generated similar outcomes. However, a model-based approach identified some heterogeneity within bolting accessions. Strict correlation between the geographical origin of clones and the clusters to which they belonged was not observed. The SACS content, important for the taste and the protective health benefits of the bulbs, was analysed for the whole set. Clones of two non-bolting clusters contained significantly greater amounts of SACSs than the remaining ones. The non-bolter and semi-bolter clusters produced low amounts of SACS, so they are not locally adopted genotypes. This is the first report on variation between alliin:methiin ratio. The ratio varied between clusters too. The analysis of SACS content provided some insight into the genetic basis of this important end-use trait, and this can be further used for efficient conservation of garlic genotypes

Strong enzymatic activities in the germinating barley grain, together with protein and starch content, are crucial for high extraction values in the resulting malt and, therefore, barley malting quality. The efficient characterization of registered barley cultivars and genetic resources with respect to one of the relevant thermostability enzymes (b-amylase) is an essential requirement. The template-directed dyeterminator incorporation (TDI) assay: based on flourescence resonance energy transfer (TDI-FRET) (Chen et al. 1995) was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the b-amylase coding sequence resulting in low (Sd2L), intermediate (Sd1) and high (Sd2H and Sd3) thermostability enzyme across 84 Czech barley cultivars and genetic resources used over a period of time in the Czech Republic. The incidence of different alleles has changed during the last 100 years. Also the new resources with high thermostabile b-amylase were identified. They can be used effectively to breed for malting quality improvement.

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Abstract:The polymorphism of prolamin storage proteins was studied in seed samples of 20 historical cultivars of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Czech and Slovak origin, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Only two samples were uniform. Most heterogeneity of prolamin patterns was observed in the oldest accessions. By means of a prolamin identity index it was possible to distinguish sister lines from admixtures within the seed samples. The obtained spectra will be used as additional descriptors for the spring barley core collection of the Collection of Genetic Resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd.