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Measurements of spontaneous emission from InGaAsP semiconductor optical amplifiers provide information on both the carrier density and temperature. By spatially resolving the light emitted along the active layer of the device, we find evidence of longitudinal spatial hole burning which results from amplified spontaneous emission in the structure and is modified by the injected optical signal. Under injection, we also observe pronounced asymmetry of the amplified spontaneous emission intensity from the two facets which we relate to the carrier density profile. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. An analysis of the measured spectra reveals an unexpected very high temperature (400 K) and its decrease by at least 35 K in the middle of the device when light is injected.

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this retrospective analysis. Changes from baseline for specific urine parameters were compared. RESULTS: Patients using only L T (n = 63) sustained higher TV than those on PC (n = 37) at last visit (2.34 ±0.1 0 SE vs. 2.19 ±0.12 SE Lid, respectively). Urinary citrate increased and reached higher concentrations in those on L T (770 ±56 SE vs. 559 ±56 SE mg/d for L T and PC, respectively), but the difference from baseline to last visit was significant only in those on PC. The percentage of hypocitraturic patients that remained such after therapy was similar/group (73 and 80% for PC and L T groups, respectively). Urine pH in both groups exceeded 6 at baseline and throughout treatment. When patients' highest TV were compared to baseline, increases were more pronounced earlier in follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: CaOx SF managed with L T sustain higher urine TV and urinary citrate than those on PC, and maintain a favorable urine pH. Further investigation is required to identify combination therapies that account for these changes, address trends in compliance that may peak and then decline with repeated visits, and confirm a decrease in stone incidence.