CTLA-4 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, and its inhibitory effects can be accomplished either by competition with CD28 or by transmitting negative signals through its intracellular domain. To utilize the cytoplasmic domain of CTLA-4 to suppress allergic inflammation, we fused it to a novel protein-transduction domain in the human transcriptional factor Hph-1. Transduction efficiency was verified in vitro and in vivo after ocular, intranasal and intradermal administration. After transduction into T cells, the Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 fusion protein inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-2, and downregulated CD69 and CD25. Intranasal administration of Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 resulted in markedly reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, secretion of T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cytokines, serum IgE levels and airway hyper-responsiveness in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. These results indicated that Hph-1-ctCTLA-4 constitutes an effective immunosuppressive protein drug for potential use in the treatment of allergic asthma, via nasal administration.

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Two types of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) transistors are applied to demonstrate their possibility as switching/driving elements for the pixel of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display. Such TMD materials are 6 nm thin WSe2 and MoS2 as a p‐type and n‐type channel, respectively, and the pixel is thus composed of external green OLED and nanoscale thin channel field effect transistors (FETs) for switching and driving. The maximum mobility of WSe2‐FETs either as switch or as driver is ≈30 cm2 V−1 s−1, in linear regime of the gate voltage sweep range. Digital (ON/OFF‐switching) and gray‐scale analogue operations of OLED pixel are nicely demonstrated. MoS2 nanosheet FET‐based pixel is also demonstrated, although limited to alternating gray scale operation of OLED. Device stability issue is still remaining for future study but TMD channel FETs are very promising and novel for their applications to OLED pixel because of their high mobility and ID ON/OFF ratio.

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