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The transportation sector is one of the largest sources of EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. In 2011, transportation represented approximately 25 percent of total EU’s greenhouse gas emissions. Urban mobility accounts for 40% of all CO2 emissions of road transport and up to 70% of other pollutants from transport. As, transportation and mobility play a crucial part both in urban economics and the quality of life, it is of great significance to ensure a low carbon transportation sector, so as to deal with the threat that climate change poses to urban areas. This study examines the factors that affect the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as of air pollutants, in 9 major European cities, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the actual knowledge on the atmospheric pollution from public transportation systems. CO2 emissions as well as air pollutants, such as CO, HC, PM, NOx are calculated for the diesel and CNG bus fleets of the European cities under study. Finally the environmental benefits, in terms of CO2 and CO, HC, PM, NOx emissions reductions, from the penetration of different biodiesel blends (from B10 to B100) to the bus fleets are estimated.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The main objective of the presented paper was to evaluate the integrated design strategies applied in refurbishment of the prefabricated residential housing, erected in'70 in the New Belgrade, Serbia, in order to achieve energy savings accompanied with reduction of CO2 emissions and improvement of households' health and comfort. Conducted study led to the preliminary design of energy refurbishment of the existing building, and its conversion to energy efficient building with minimized loads. Building's dynamic behavior and energy efficiency have been optimized implementing BPS-Building Performance Simulation. Very significant reduction of thermal and cooling loads with the reference to the building's existing status is obtained. Refurbishment encompassed comprehensive optimization of building's envelope structure, natural and mixed ventilation. The implementation of a series of EEI (energy efficiency improvement) measures resulted in significant reduction of buildings energy loads. The investment in energy efficiency retrofitting can improve macroeconomic stability and contribute to the sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, economic analyses were performed for each model, considering present economic situation in Serbia and availability of funds for refurbishment. Presented methodology and results of the performed analyses offer an opportunity to extend their application to other neighborhoods, exploring refurbishment potential results if applied on a greater urban scale. Economically feasible Energy Refurbishment of Prefabricated Building inBelgrade, Serbia The main objective of the presented paper was to evaluate the integrated design strategies applied in refurbishment of the prefabricated residential housing and their economic feasibility, considering current economic situation in Serbia. The aim of the study is architectural re-design using "passive" and "active" measures to improve and optimize the energy efficiency of residential buildings.Design strategies were applied in order to achieve energy savings accompanied with reduction of CO 2 emissions and improvement of households' health and comfort. By BPS -Building Performance Simulation were analyzed effects of the implementation of a series of EEI (energy efficiency improvement) measures and they resulted in significant reduction of buildings energy loads. Considering present economic situation in Serbia and availability of funds for refurbishment, by analyzing these six different energy efficiency retrofitting models, valuable inputs were obtained for further development of economic models. The results clearly prove that every retrofit scenario is economically feasible.

Most of the Catalonian population and urban areas are located along the Mediterranean coastal zone and for this analysis three largest Catalonia's cities are chosen: Barcelona, Terrassa and Tarragona. Each city is a geographical representative of a different climate type according to the re-analysed Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the effects of regional climate variations on the potential of natural ventilation (NV) application in building design. The first part of the article presents the availability of NV corresponding to yearly climate conditions applying the methodology "Climate potential for natural ventilation" (CPNV). In the continuation, the second analysis is calculated with building energy simulation software and displays possible refrigeration energy savings in three geographical locations. Mixed-mode (or hybrid-mode) and night-ventilation techniques are applied for the cooling process of a hypothetical low-rise office building model.

The refurbishment of the existing housing stock has a twofold aim: to decrease consumption of fossil fuels and to reduce the CO2 emissions. The main focus of the presented paper is the evaluation of the integrated design approach applied in scenarios for refurbishment of the prefabricated residential multi-apartment building. The criteria used in searching for the best approach to the RES integrated refurbishment were minimized energy loads, minimized CO2 emissions and improved indoor environment quality, health and comfort. After in-depth environmental analysis, a series of EEI (energy efficiency improvement) measures were implemented, as a comprehensive optimization of the building's envelope structure, natural and mixed ventilation and source energy delivery. The building's dynamic behaviour and energy efficiency have been analyzed and optimized by the Building Performance Simulation and PV panels' integration for the Typical Meteorological Year of Belgrade, Serbia. Energy refurbishment should be approached in an organized, pragmatic and interdisciplinary way. Hence, the focus should be not only on the latest leading-edge technology, but on the synergy of different practices and principles in order to ensure the path to sustainable development and achieving desired objectives. 2 KeywordsEnergy refurbishment, prefabricated buildings, building's envelope structure, final energy, BPS -building-performance-simulations, renewable energy sources (RES)