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E-learning is electronic learning and teaching and learning process that is carried out online. This study aims to see the effectiveness of E-Learning through lesson study on Building Materials Science subjects. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. This study involved 40 students in semester 1 of Class A in Science and Building Materials. Data are obtained by polling and questionnaires by providing answers to questions. Polling data were analyzed using the Rasch model, and the data questionnaire was analyzed using the Linkert scale model. The results showed that the application of e-learning through lesson study could increase the effectiveness of learning process with a value of 84.5%, which is quite useful. The effectiveness of learning process is based on considerations of quality, level of suitability, and time required. Learning materials increase students' readiness to learn to teach before learning in class. Students who are motivated to do assignments and understand eLearning learning materials can complete the learning process according to the specified time.

A community group generally poses knowledge about disaster mitigation that occurs in their area. It’s the same thing for people on the island of Makassar, Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Rediscovering socio-cultural capital related to disaster mitigation becomes urgent issue in the midst of various disasters that often hit various parties, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides, floods, fires and so forth. This research was carried out on the island of Makassar in the city of Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi, with focus on research is aimed at describing the construction of local communities about social values in disaster mitigation. The study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques are through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner. The research subjects were determined by purposive sampling, which included community figures on the island of Makassar, and government officials. The results showed that the people on the island of Makassar had social values in disaster management: (1) the existence of collective action driven by the social values of pobhinci-bhinciki kuli, pomae-maeka, pomaa-maasiaka, popia-piara, and poangka-angkataka . (2) the existence of tuturangiana andala ritual of is a ritual that expresses the humble request of the community to the rulers of the sea to bestow sustenance and be kept away from disaster. This research ackonwledged that social capital is a strength for people on the island of Makassar in mobilizing resources to deal with disasters.   Suatu kelompok masyarakat pada umumnya memiliki pengetahuan tentang mitigasi bencana yang terjadi di daerahnya. Demikian halnya pada masyarakat di Pulau Makasar Kota Baubau Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Menggali kembali modal sosial budaya terkait dengan mitigasi bencana menjadi sesuatu yang urgen di tengah-tengah berbagai bencana yang sering melanda berbagai pihak, seperti terjadinya tsunami, gempa bumi, tanah longsor, banjir, kebakaran dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Pulau Makasar kota Baubau Sulawesi Tenggara dengan fokus penelitian diarahkan untuk menggambarkan konsrtuksi masyarakat lokal tentang nilai-nilai sosial dalam mitigasi bencana. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling, yang meliputi tokoh masyarakat di Pulau Makasar, dan Aparat Pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di Pulau Makasar memiliki nilai-nilai sosial dalam penanggulangan bencana: (1) adanya tindakan kolektif yang didorong nilai-nilai sosial pobhinci-bhinciki kuli, pomae-maeka, pomaa-maasiaka, popia-piara, dan poangkaangkataka. (2) adanya ritual tuturangiana andala yakni ritual ungkapan permohonan masyarakat kepada penguasa laut agar melimpahkan rezeki dan dijauhkan dari bencana. Penelitian ini melihat bahwa modal sosial tersebut menjadi kekuatan bagimasyarakat di Pulau Makasar dalam memobilisasi sumber daya untuk menghadapi bencana.

Every village has a site of leadership. The village head is the person who is entitled to manage the village. The person is the one that is elected to build and develop the village. The village heads will try to improve the situation of the village as well as its residents. People who have this rank have obligations and responsibilities for carrying out village activities. However, democracy is the way to accomplish the best outcomes in terms of peace, justice, and security. The decision support system using the Composite Performance Index (CPI) method functions to assess village head candidates and process them in order to get good ranking results. The most important result of the election is what the village head decides. The application of the Composite Performance Index (CPI) method is very good in determining the right person who will occupy the position of the village head.

This study aims to identify physical conflict management and avoidance between ethnic groups in transmigration settlements. Using a qualitative approach with data collection techniques comprised of observation and in-depth interviews, this research uses interpretive understanding for analyzing the data. Both macro-level and micro-level theories are applied in this research to analyze the interconnections of structure and agency. The fundamental question to be answered in this study is what causes conflicts between ethnic groups in transmigration settlement sites and how ethnic group citizens manage conflicts so that they do not become open conflicts and remain coexistent. Results show that the sources of conflict include the legal uncertainty of land ownership and the lack of social platforms for different ethnic groups to interact and discuss the problems. Social disparities between ethnic groups and differences in values and norms also contribute to the conflict. However, there was a potential for cooperation between ethnic groups. The different ethnic groups tend to restrain themselves and prevent violent conflict. The ethnic communities managed the conflict by ignoring disputes and making compromises to avoid open disagreements. These compromises involved lowering the demands and expectations of the object of conflict; the strategy manages the disputes and helps to reduce open disagreements and support multiethnic communities. In order for the ethnic groups involved in the conflict to negotiate and compromise, the availability of social space plays a pivotal role.