Internal P loading can maintain high P concentrations and delay eutrophic lake recovery following abatement of external loading. Sediment P inactivation with Al salts has been shown to provide longterm (5-14 years) control of sediment P release; long-term effectiveness of Fe and Ca salts has not been reported. Al toxicity problems are possible unless pH is maintained in the 6-8 range. Vertical transport of hypolimnetic P is unlikely in small, deep, dimictic lakes (Z-Ao> 8), and effectiveness of P inactivation in lowering their mid-summer epilimnetic P has not been demonstrated. To date, P inactivation has been found to be most effective in improving trophic state in shallow, softwater, polymictic lakes where control of sediment P release affects the entire water column. Abatement of external loading, where necessary, is essential for a successful P inactivation treatment.

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determined with each set of samples. A check standard (6 µg/L) was analyzed after every tenth sample.Callinan et al | http://dx. Location 1-systems with substantial allochthonous contribution, 2-systems in which some THMFP samples exceeded detector, DOC-dissolved organic carbon, THMFP-trihalomethane formation potentialInset numbers represent percent increase relative to spring minimum.Callinan et al | http://dx.

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