<p><em>The purposes of this study was to identify the condition of agricultural labor; know the causes, impacts and strategies to reduce the shift of the youth labor from agricultural to non-agricultural sector. This research was conducted in Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo and Sleman regency in 2015. The results showed that the number of households and agricultural enterprises in DIY decrease. The participation of youth in agricultural sector had been decline and the age of agricultural labor DIY was dominated by the farmers over 60 years. Factors which push the shift of the youth from agricultural to non-agricultural was the bigger income on non-agricultural sector, negative image of agriculture, increase of education, narrow land ownership and ease of rural accessibility. While the factors of pull the youth was financial, parental inheritance and government incentives. The impacts of this condition was decrease of the effectiveness and efficiency of agriculture; the scarcity of agricultural labor and increase of the wage. To overcome this, it is necessary to increase the role of youth in the farmers' institutions; introduction of agriculture through early childhood education; improve the quality of agricultural actors; develope integrated agriculture; strengthen cooperative farming; agricultural insurance and marketing guarantees.</em></p>

This study was conducted in Nganjuk Regency in the reason that this region is the second largest shallot production centre in INTISARIPenelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Nganjuk karena merupakan sentra produksi bawang merah terbesar kedua di Indonesia setelah Kabupaten Brebes. Sekitar 40 persen bawang merah dari Kabupaten Nganjuk dipasarkan sampai ke Jakarta termasuk ke Pasar Induk Kramatjati Jakarta (PIKJ), sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaku yang terlibat dalam rantai pasok bawang merah dari Kabupaten Nganjuk ke Jakarta dan mengidentifikasi jenis risiko dalam rantai tersebut. Responden yang digunakan adalah pakar yang terdiri dari wakil pemerintah, wakil akademisi, dan praktisi yaitu pelaku rantai pasok itu sendiri. Model AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko rantai pasok bawang merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tujuh pelaku yang terlibat dalam rantai pasok bawang merah dari Kabupaten Nganjuk ke Jakarta yaitu petani, penebas, pedagang pengumpul skala besar, bandar di PIKJ, centheng di PIKJ, pedagang pengecer, dan konsumen. Model AHP menunjukkan bahwa risiko pasar merupakan risiko yang paling utama dalam rantai pasok bawang merah dari Kabupaten Nganjuk ke Jakarta, kemudian diikuti risiko kemitraan dan informasi serta yang terakhir risiko harga. Kata kunci: Kata kunci: Kata kunci: Kata kunci: Kata kunci: bawang merah, model AHP, rantai pasok, risiko.

El Nino occurrence tends to increase with longer duration, higher magnitude of climate anomaly, and shorter cycle period of occurrence. Climate anomaly induces decrease of rainfall and water availability with further consequence on food production decline by 3.06 percent for each El Nino case. Contrary to El Nino which causes rainfall and food production decreases, La Nina causes increases in rainfall and improves food production by 1.08 percent. The lowest production decrease induced by El Nino and the highest production increase caused by La Nina was observed on corn production indicating that corn production is the most sensitive to climate anomaly. To reduce possible food production decrease induced by El Nino a comprehensive mitigating policy is essential. The policy consists of three major efforts, namely: (1) establishment of earlier warning system on climate anomaly, (2) development of efficient dissemination system on climate anomaly information, and (3) developing, disseminating and facilitating farmers to implement cultural techniques adaptive to drought condition as well as improving, rehabilitating irrigation network and developing rainfall harvesting techniques. ABSTRAK Frekuensi kejadian El Nino cenderung meningkat dengan durasi yang semakin panjang, tingkat anomali iklim yang semakin besar, dan siklus kejadian yang semakin pendek. Anomali iklim tersebut menyebabkan penurunan curah hujan dan ketersediaan air irigasi yang selanjutnya berimplikasi pada penurunan produksi pangan sebesar 3,06 persen untuk setiap kejadian El Nino. Sebaliknya, kejadian La Nina cenderung diikuti dengan peningkatan curah hujan dan merangsang peningkatan produksi pangan sebesar 1,08 persen untuk setiap kejadian La Nina. Penurunan produksi pangan akibat El Nino dan peningkatan produksi pangan akibat La Nina paling tinggi terjadi pada produksi jagung. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa produksi jagung paling sensitif terhadap peristiwa anomali iklim. Dalam rangka menekan dampak negatif El Nino terhadap produksi pangan maka diperlukan kebijakan penanggulangan yang komprehensif yang meliputi tiga upaya pokok yaitu : (1) pengembangan sistem deteksi dini anomali iklim, (2) pengembangan sistem diseminasi informasi yang efisien tentang anomali iklim, dan (3) mengembangkan, mendiseminasikan dan memfasilitasi petani untuk menerapkan teknik budidaya tanaman yang adaptif terhadap situasi kekeringan di samping membangun dan merehabilitasi jaringan irigasi serta mengembangkan teknik pemanenan curah hujan. Kata kunci : anomali iklim, El Nino, La Nina, curah hujan, produksi pangan PENDAHULUAN Bencana alam yang menimbulkan dampak negatif pada berbagai aspek kehi-dupan manusia akhir-akhir ini semakin sering terjadi di wilayah nusantara. Peristiwa tsunami yang melanda wilayah Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam dan Provinsi Jawa Barat serta kejadian gempa di wilayah Jawa Tengah dan Yogyakarta merupakan contoh aktual yang mudah disimak. Fenomena alam tersebut umumnya merupakan suatu proses yang kompleks serta melibatkan banyak faktor alami sehingga gejal...

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This study aims to (1) identify the factors affecting the production of oil palm cultivation business by the smallholders and (2) identify the technical level as well as factors infl uencing business ineffi ciency of oil palm cultivation by the smallholders in Air Sugihan Sub District of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatera Province. This research uses the basic method of analytical descriptive method. The data were collected by way of observation and direct interviews in the fi eld guided by a questionnaire. The research location was determined purposively, that is in Pangkalan Damai Village, Air Sugihan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality, South Sumatera Province. Sampling was conducted using non probabilistic sampling method (purposive sampling). The research investigated 79 smallholder farmers of oil palm cultivation in Pangkalan Damai village of Air Sugihan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality, South Sumatera Province.. On the basis of the analysis, it is revealed that (1) the factors affecting the increase of palm production were labor, land area, TSP fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, organic fertilizer, herbicides and insecticides which also have an effect on decreasing palm production. (2) Palm plantation business was technically effi cient with the average technical level of smallholder palm farmers in Air Sugihan Sub-district of Ogan Komering Ilir Municipality of 0.86090. Factors that decrease the technical ineffi ciency in smallholder palm cultivation in Air Sugihan Sub-district of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency were farmers' education level . This information can be used by the goverment to improve technical effi ciency through education in the form of counseling and training to increase production. INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat dan (2) mengetahui tingkat efi siensi teknis serta faktor yang mempengaruhi inefi siensi usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Kecamatan Air Sugihan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode dasar yang digunakan