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Restrictions applied by the government in order to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus claimed a forced transfer to distance learning in a wide range of school levels, including universities preparing future teachers. The research is focused on school cheating during online testing of future teachers -students of Teacher Training for Kindergartens and Teacher Training for Primary Schools. The questionnaire survey examined a relatively narrow range of possibilities how to cheat -the use of the socalled crib or cheat sheet, also in its electronic form. The aim of the research was to compare the possibilities and approaches to cheating by students during in-class and online examination. Although these are future educators, supposedly having higher moral credit, cheating has occurred and continues to occur even now. A sample of 121 respondents did not confirm a higher rate of use of a prohibited devices in written tests, as expected, but only in online oral exams. The results of the survey within the above mentioned groups of respondents nevertheless seem to have been confirmed to some extent by similar researches, eg. Reedy et al., 2021or Chirumamilla et al. 2020

Racemform von V aus; Einengen der Mutterlauge ließ noch weiteres inaktives V ausfallen; aus der Mutterlauge fiel nach starkem Einengen und auf Zugabe von Petroläther stark aktiviertes Material aus. Von ca. 50proz. Aktivierung an lieferte erneutes Umkristallisieren aus Benzol audi ein optisch aktives Erstkristallisat: es wurde in weitere Fraktionierungen eingesetzt. Das in Benzol sehr viel besser lösliche Mutterlaugen-Kristallisat wurde nunmehr aus Petroläther (Siedebereich 60 bis 70°) analog konsequent weiter fraktioniert.Kieselgel-Chromatographie in Benzol und rasches Sublimieren (höchstens 0,1 g-Portionen!) bei 90° und 0,001 Torr gestattete die Abtrennung von den in den leichtest löslichen Fraktionen angereicherten Fremdbeimengungen, ohne daß Racemisation bemerkbar war. Anschließendes viermaliges Umkristallisieren, zuletzt aus Alkohol, erbrachte keine Änderung der Schmelzpunkts-und Drehwerte mehr. Aus insgesamt 70 g eingesetztem (±) V wurden so direkt je 600 mg der beiden V-Enantiomeren mit Höchstdrehung, ferner noch je rund lg ( + )-bzw. (-)-Material mit [a] 405-Wer-

Introduction: In the theoretical study, the authors describe current approaches enriching the theory of field didactics concerning teaching technical subjects. They focus on developing the psychomotor dimension of students’ personalities, which they consider to be an important part of the modern young generation’s culture concept. In order to ensure this role in vocational-technical education, it is necessary to innovate the pedagogical preparation of teachers of technical subjects with a focus on achieving the required teaching competences. A part of the presented study deals with the determination, analysis, and representation of individual teaching competences in the doctoral study plan in the conditions of DTI University in Dubnica nad Váhom, Slovakia.Methods: The theoretical study is based on a theoretical analysis of the issues of teaching technical subjects in vocational schools. For the purposes of theoretical analysis, the following research methods have been implemented:- content analysis of the issues of teaching vocational subjects (current innovative trends in field didactics; theories of psychomotor learning; vocational subject teachers);- logical operations (analysis, synthesis, comparison);- generalization and recommendations for the school practice of field didactics.Results: For the development of specialized didactics, it is necessary to take into account the newest results of scientific investigation in general didactics and field didactics; and to apply them in the existing and also new teacher training programs under development as only these facts create new possibilities for improving the quality of education in vocational schools. A consistent development of vocational subject teachers’ teaching competences in the process of their preparation for the teaching profession following current trends and intentions in the field of didactics can become the carrier of positive changes.Discussion: The authors of the study consider it extremely important to accept the latest trends in educational theory in the training programs for teachers of technical subjects. The result of this is the current doctoral study program offered by DTI University in Dubnica nad Váhom, Slovakia, which is organically linked to the master study program Teaching Technical Subjects. In the current academic year, DTI University has been granted the right to conduct habilitation and inauguration procedures in the field of study Didactics based on continuous and successful research activities in the above field with results comparable to the results at an international level and accepted by the professional international community.Conclusions: In the conclusion, the authors of the theoretical study point out that a teacher developing students’ personalities in all directions is the decisive factor in the educational process oriented on efficiency and high-quality results of students. To achieve this effect in the context of vocational schools, it is necessary to reform the training programs for future teachers of technical subjects.

The issue of school cheating has been a very current and discussed topic since the second half of the last century. The existing modern technologies and, in fact, an unlimited students' access to the Internet provide new opportunities to get learning materials, to make their studies easier. At the same time, these possibilities allow students to find new ways to cheat in the school environment. The cheating range, using information and communication technology, is really wide, from commonly used computers up to smartwatch. To the question, what school cheating opportunities are preferred by high school students in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, we are trying to find out in our research study.