Assuming differences among the stakeholders, the study investigated stakeholders' expectations of different aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Kazakhstan. As a transition economy, both internal stakeholders and the government still place more emphasis on economic and legal responsibilities for the sustainability of business organizations. On the other hand, civil society members and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) argue that business organizations need to focus more on ethical and discretionary responsibilities in Kazakhstan. The findings of the study will help both local business organizations and multinational corporations (MNCs) to understand stakeholders' expectations and to modify CSR activities in the right direction in the context of emerging economies. The policy implications of the study are also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of consumer ethnocentrism and its antecedents - patriotism and cosmopolitanism on consumer domestic and foreign buying behavior in the emerging economy of Kazakhstan. This country poses an interesting question as to how the effects of attitudes and purchase behavior differ in the once controlled regime after receiving independence from a dominant regime. These different attitudes likely affect international integration of Kazakhstan into the global economy. As expected, consumer ethnocentrism leads to high consumption of domestically produced goods and to the lower level of consumption of imported products. Patriotism has a significant positive effect and cosmopolitanism has a significant negative effect on ethnocentric attitudes of consumers in the country studied. The findings of the present study suggest that Kazakhstan seems to have a strong negative link of cosmopolitanism on ethnocentric attitudes and overall, this country seems to have the promise of becoming integrated into the global economy. Managerial implications of the findings are considered and directions for the future research are identified.
While the article "Avenues of Entry into the World of Western Art Music" (September 2005, pp. 38-43) was generally excellent, the author left some significant music literature off of her list of "musical resources for enhancing history lessons." I realize that no list will be comprehensive, Add These to the List While the article "Avenues of Entry into the World of Western Art Music" (September 2005, pp. 38-43) was generally excellent, the author left some significant music literature off of her list of "musical resources for enhancing history lessons." I realize that no list will be comprehensive, but here are some additional pieces:
The point of departure of this study was a research program which conceptualizes psychopathology in terms of efficiency in meeting behavioral requirements of the environment. Elaboration of this view has been shown to have important developmental implications. The specific hypothesis was that in a differential galvanic-skin-response (GSR) conditioning situation, differential sets would be increasingly effective with increasing age in producing differential rates of conditioning. The GSRs of 193 children from kindergarten and Grades 1, 2, 4, and 6 were conditioned under inhibiting and facilitating sets. Support for the hypothesis was found in a significant Grade X Set interaction. Ability to verbalize the positiveconditioned-stimulus-unconditioned-stimulus relation was also a function of the Grade X Set interaction, as well as the interaction of Grade X Successful Versus Unsuccessful Conditioning. The data also indicated the importance of cognitive factors in classical conditioning paradigms with human subjects. It is hoped that such research will provide bases of normative data for eventual early detection of psychopathognomic modes of behavior.
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