Objective: To compare serum calcium and magnesium in preeclamptic women and normal pregnant women. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was done between August 2010 to April 2011 on 30 normal pregnant women and 30 preeclamptic women in Dhiraj Hospital attended Gynecology and Obstetrics' department. The blood samples were collected and analyzed for calcium and magnesium by semi-automatic analyzer ERBA CHEM 5 in central laboratory. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 15. The p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant Results: The serum calcium and magnesium in preeclamptic women were (8.9±0 .4 mg/dl vs. 9.7± 0.7 mg/ dl, p<0.0001) and (0.75±0.08 mmol/l vs.0.85±0. 09 mmol/l, p=0.001) respectively, significantly lower than that in normal pregnant women. Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia are possible etiologies of preeclampsia.

Background: Candida is the most common agent causing leucorrhoea affecting the women of all strata. It is becoming difficult to completely eradicate the infection mainly due to recurrence caused by non-albican species of Candida. Most of the non-albican species of Candida are resistant to commonly used antifungal agent -azole. Therefore, studying the Incidence of Candida species in vaginal secretion is of great significance. Objective: To study the incidence of Candidiasis in patients of leucorrhoea and identification of different species of candida found in leucorrhoea and to study the effect of pregnancy and age on infection rate in women Attending in OPD of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department, Gurugobind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on 300 patients with specific complaints of leucorrhea. Discharge was examined by direct wet preparation by KOH mount, Gram staining, and Culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Species differentiation was done by Germ tube formation, Sugar assimilation and Sugar Fermentation test. Results: In 19% of the women the leucorrhea was due to Candida infection with highest incidence in women of age (21-30 years). Incidence of candidiasis was higher in Pregnant (22.5%) compared to non-pregnant (16.6%). Candida albicans was the most common strain identified and Candida krusei was the least common one. Conclusion: Highest incidence found between 21-30 years age group, in pregnant women, in women from lower socio-economic class. Among candida species C. albicans was commonest followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei.

Background: Carcinoma of prostate is one of the common tumors of old age in men. With digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a major screening tool for prostate cancer. The cutoff value for PSA of 4.0 ng/mL gives the highest sensitivity and highest specificity.

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Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of swellings located in the head and neck region most commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid, parotid and salivary glands. Aims: To assess the frequency of incidences of different sites, age groups, sex and distribution among inflammatory non neoplastic and neoplastic lesion. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between Jun 2011 to Jun 2012. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with detail of relevant clinical data and investigations. Patients between the ages of 1 to 70 years were included in the study. A total of 450 patients with head and neck mass underwent FNAC. Results: Out of 450 fine needle aspiration procedures, 69% were of lymph node, 20% were thyroid, 06% from salivary gland, 06% from soft tissue and miscellaneous swellings. Conclusions: It is concluded that head and neck swellings are very common conditions in clinical practice. Our study found that FNAC is simple, quick, low cost and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of head and neck swellings. It could differentiate the infective process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgical intervention.