osteoporozom. Prose~ne vrednosti CTX bile su najvi{e u grupi C (0,54±0,24 ng/mL), u pore|enju sa grupom B (0,44±0,21 ng/mL) (p<0,0001) i grupom A (0,33±0,13 ng/mL) (p<0,029). Srednje vrednosti OC bile su zna~ajno vi{e u grupi C (26,83±9,91 ng/mL) u pore| enju sa grupom A (20,47±7,03 ng/mL) (p<0,011), ali ne i zna~ajno vi{e u pore|enju sa grupom B (24,11±8,38 ng/mL) (p<0,05). Trajanje postmenopauze bilo je najdu`e u grupi C (13,1±8,31 god.) u pore|enju sa grupom B (9,6±6,24 god.) i grupom A (8,15±6,86 god.). @ene u post menopauzi sa du`im trajanjem menopauze dobile su osteoporozu. @ene u PM sa osteoporozom imale su povi{ene nivoe markera ko{tanog prometa {to je ukazalo na povi{enu stopu ko{tanog remodelovanja, ~iji je rezultat preterana ko{tana resorpcija, i gubitak ko{tane mase. Dugotrajno pri sust vo visokih nivoa markera ko{tane resorpcije CTX, uz nedovoljnu kompen zaciju od strane markera za formiranje kostiju OC, omogu}ilo je razvoj osteoporoze. Summary: Osteoporosis is a systemic disease charac terized by low bone mass and high bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women (PM). The relationship between biochemical bone markers C-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin (OC), and bone mineral density (BMD) in the postmenopausal period was examined in 104 PM women divided into three groups according to their BMD: group A -control PM with normal bone density, group B -osteopenic PM and group C -osteoporotic PM.Mean CTX values were highest in group C (0.54±0.24 ng/mL) com pared to group B (0.44±0.21 ng/mL) (p<0.0001), and group A (0.33±0.13 ng/mL) (p<0.029). Mean OC levels in group C (26.83±9.91 ng/mL) were signifi cantly higher com pa red to group A (20.47±7.03 ng/mL) (p<0.011) but not signi ficantly higher compared to group B (24.11±8.38 ng/mL) (p>0.05). Postmenopause duration was longest in group C (13.1±8.31 yrs) compared to group B (9.6±6.24 yrs), and group A (8.15±6.86 yrs). Postmenopausal women developed osteo porosis with longer menopause duration. PM osteopo rotic women were cha racterized by increased levels of bone turnover markers indicating increased rate of bone remodeling, which resul ted in excessive bone resorption, and loss of bone mass. Long-term persistence of high bone resorption marker CTX, insufficiently com pensated with bone formation marker OC, enabled osteoporosis dev elopment.

Kratak sadr`aj: Siroma{na su saznanja o etiologii opioidne zavisnosti, ali se ipak smatra da opijati deluju na opioidne adrenergi~ne i po indirektnom putu preko GABA na dopaminske receptore, dovode}i do promene kateholamin skih nivoa u mo`danim strukturama, za koje se pretpo stavlja da su va`ne za obja{njenje etiologije opioidne zavis nosti. Poznato je da se razgradnjom kateholamina dobija vanilmandeli~na kiselina (VMA), kao poslednji produkt u urinu, pa postoji mogu}nost da se odre|ivanjem njene kon cen tracije indirektnim putem proceni i koncentracija kate holamina u mozgu, {to je i cilj ovog rada. Prospek tivna studija obuhvata ukupno 51 heroinskih zavisnika na detoksikacionom programu, podeljenih u tri grupe u zavis nosti od medicinskog tretmana -prva grupa su heroinski zavisnici (bez tretmana), druga grupa zavisnici koji su zapo~eli tretman dva dana ranije, tre}a grupa heroinski zavisnici koji su pre 10 dana po~eli tretman (stabilizanti), i kontrolna grupa od 20 zdravih ispitanika. Tokom istra `ivanja kori{}en je metod Pissano -hromato grafsko spektrofo tometrijsko odre|ivanje nivoa VMA, i skala za procenu ja~ine simptoma apstinencijalne krize (WS). Dobijeni rezultati uka zuju da najve}e prose~ne vrednosti urinarnih nivoa VMA imaju heroinski zavisnici koji su u apstinen cijalnoj krizi gde se vidi i visoki skor WS skale u odnosu na druge grupe, kao rezultat visokog adrener gi~nog nivoa. Prose~ni skor skale depresivnosti je visok kod zavisnika (10 dana od po~etka tretmana gde postoji nizak nivo VMA). Poznavanje neu ro bio logije opioidnih zavisnika, od veli kog je zna~aja za pro nala`enje novih farmakolo{kih tretmana za njihovo le~enje. Summary: Although knowledge about the etiology of heroin dependence is rather poor, it is known that the influence of opiates on the opioid, adrenergic and indirectly of GABA on the dopaminergic receptors leads to changes of catecholamine levels in brain structures, which are supposed to be essential in explaining the etiology of the opioid de pendence. It is well-known that by analyzing catecholamine, we get vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), which is found in the urine as a final product. Thus, by an indirect determination of VMA it is also possible to define the catecholamine concentration in the brain, which is the aim of this study. This prospective study included 51 dependent heroin users divided into 3 groups, depending on the length of the medical treatment with a conventional detox method (without treatment, second day of the treatment, and after the 10th day of treatment) as well as a control group consisting of 20 healthy subjects. We used the Pissano method chr o matographic-spectrophotometric determination -for estimating the level of vanillylmandelic acid, and a scale for de fining the severity of symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome (WS). The results showed that the highest average values of the urinary level of VMA were found in the subjects in withdrawal crisis with a high WS scale score in com parison with the other examined groups (statistically signi ficant) as a ...