Abstract:Respiratory diseases are one of the most important problem in modern, intensive swine production, in the world but also in our country. Intensifying pig production increases frequency and economic importance of this disease, regardless to the measures for its control. Great economic losses are expressed through direct losses due to death and compulsory slaughter, reduced daily gain, a larger feed intake for averige daily gain, prolonged time of fattening, enlarged costs of treatment and a high percentage of light pigs in abattoirs.As a material for research we used the parts of respiratory organs (the lungs and mediastinal lymphonodes) deriving from 125 pigs in total. The evaluation included animals from: 11 industrial swine farms, four mediumsized swine farms, and swine deriving from 17 individual (private) backyards. Bacterial isolation was carried out by aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophyl microorganism cultivation. The identification included determination of their phisiological properties by biochemical characteristics. From the examined samples of respiratory organs, the most frequently were isolated Pasteurella sp. (26.57%), E. coli (26.57%), Streptococcus sp. (16.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (5.59%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.90%). The solitary infective agens from total 72 examined samples was isolated (57.60%), while in 53 examined samples (42.4%) the presence of mixed infection was detected.

Dogs are animals that are most often kept as pets in the cities. Their health problem may be the cause of infections of humans and animals. Skin changes and etiology factors present important segment of the diseases that disturb health of the pets. The objective of this work was mycology examination of scarifications and skin swabs from dogs with clinical symptoms. The aim was to find out which fungi species can be isolated from the changed parts of the skin, and whether is possible that, besides dermatophyte, saprophyte fungi from the environment may also be the cause of the changes, and to reveal their effect on the host. During a one year period, 67 swabs and scarifications from dogs were examined to detect the presence of fungi. The samples were streaked on Sabourdaud's dextrose agar and incubated for 10-21 days at 25°C. In microscopis examination according to their shape, and color, the colonies were identified as conidia, macroconidia and conidiaophora. From 59, of total 67 samples, the following saprophyte fungi were isolated: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp. Occurrence of these fungi means that a considerable increase of this microbiological flora may be expected in homes of the owners. This may be the cause of systemic mycosis and allergies in animals and humans, as well as a possibility of contaminated food and incidence of mycotoxicosis

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boars with severe consequences on animal welfare, livestock production, trade and national economy. We investigated if colostral antibodies in piglets, originating from sows vaccinated with Chine strain (C-strain) and challenged with CSF virus, affected the distribution of the B and T lymhocites in mandibular lymph nodes. Nineteen 45 days old cross breed pigs of both sexes were divided in three groups. All animals in the first group, originating from sows vaccinated with C-strain vaccine were serologically positive for the presence of specific colostral CSF virus antibodies. The second group consisted of pigs originating from unvaccinated sows serologically negative for CSF virus antibodies. Three healthy pigs serologically negative for the presence of CSF virus antibodies, originating from unvaccinated sows against CSF virus served as a control group. In the group of animals originating from unvaccinated sows against CSF, severe depletion of CD79 positive B lymphocytes was detected. In the group of pigs originating from sows vaccinated with C-strain (CSF virus antibody positive group of pigs), a reduced number of CD79 positive B lymphocytes was detected, but B cells were still present in the periphery of the germinative centres of secondary lymph follicles. There was an increase of the number of CD3 positive cells in the mandibular lymph nodes of pigs with or without maternal antibodies

Skin infections in animals and humans represent a complex syndrome that is, from etiological point of view, often hard to solve. Skin is one of the largest organs and plays an important role in the organism of mammals. Depending on the age, it presents 5-8% of total body mass in humans, 12% of adult animals, and even up to 24% in newly born animals. The population of pets and stray dogs in cities provides a possibility for contacts between animals and/or humans, which is a mode of transmission for some diseases. Fungal diseases in dogs caused by dermatophyte are zoonosis, contagious infections that affect dogs and cats, but also other animals, as well as humans. There has been an overall increase in the number of the cases caused by anthropophilic fungi from the strain of Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp. Our research was related to animals with different changes on skin manifested by hairless surfaces, dandruff, red skin and extensive pruritus. The objective of our examination was the analyses of scarified samples and swob from canine skin with the aim to determine whether the changes were caused by dermatophytosis. Our aim was to point out the possibility of transmission of mycotic infections from animals to humans in households. For this mycological examination swobs and skin scarifications from dogs, were used. The samples were streaked on Sabo and dextrose agar and incubated at 25°C for at least 21 days. In one year period 81 samples were collected out of which 11 (13.58%) were positive for dermatophyte. In all samples Microsporum canis was isolated. The findings of Microsporum canis in 13.58% of the examined samples indicate the importance of mycological skin disorder in pets. Having in mind that this is a zoonosis, the findings point to a possibility of exposing the humans to fungal infection, affecting almost all pet owners, especially in urban environment

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the course of classical swine fever (CSF) infection in piglets originating from sows vaccinated with China strain vaccine. The experiment was carried out on 24 piglets (age 28, 35, 44 and 54 days) from vaccinated sows and on 11 non vaccinated piglets, originated from non CSF vaccinated sows. Two piglets from the each age group originating from vaccinated sows were challenged by intramuscular injection with CSF virus. Four piglets of the same age from vaccinated sows, and two piglets derived from unvaccinated sows were added to the challenged group to determine contact (horizontal) infection. After challenge, clinical examination and blood sampling from every animal was carried out on day 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29. Blood samples were examined for CSF virus specific antibodies by ELISA test, and for viral antigen i. e. viral RNA by RT-PCR technique. After death or sacrifice pathomorphological changes, presence and distribution of CSF virus antigen were detected in piglet tissue samples by ELISA test. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that not all piglets born to vaccinated sows have maternal antibodies at a detectable level, and the issue of the efficiency of passive immunization needs to be evaluated in the future