The bacterial infections of respiratory tract of swine

Abstract

Abstract:Respiratory diseases are one of the most important problem in modern, intensive swine production, in the world but also in our country. Intensifying pig production increases frequency and economic importance of this disease, regardless to the measures for its control. Great economic losses are expressed through direct losses due to death and compulsory slaughter, reduced daily gain, a larger feed intake for averige daily gain, prolonged time of fattening, enlarged costs of treatment and a high percentage of light pigs in abattoirs.As a material for research we used the parts of respiratory organs (the lungs and mediastinal lymphonodes) deriving from 125 pigs in total. The evaluation included animals from: 11 industrial swine farms, four mediumsized swine farms, and swine deriving from 17 individual (private) backyards. Bacterial isolation was carried out by aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophyl microorganism cultivation. The identification included determination of their phisiological properties by biochemical characteristics. From the examined samples of respiratory organs, the most frequently were isolated Pasteurella sp. (26.57%), E. coli (26.57%), Streptococcus sp. (16.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (5.59%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.90%). The solitary infective agens from total 72 examined samples was isolated (57.60%), while in 53 examined samples (42.4%) the presence of mixed infection was detected.

Fosfomycin concentrations in epithelial lining fluid in weaning piglets

“…Respiratory diseases are one of the most important problems in modern intensive swine production (Gardner and Hird, 1990). These diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in weaning pigs (Gardner and Hird, 1990; Galina et al , 1994; Dos̆en et al , 2007). The concentrations of antibiotics in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) reflect the antimicrobial activity for extracellular pathogens involved in respiratory diseases (Schentag & Ballow, 1991; Kiem & Schentag, 2008; Ross, 2006).…”

“…However, the lavage of the cranial lung lobes segment is very important as these lobes are the most frequently affected by respiratory pathogens (Reinhold et al. , 2005; Došen et al. , 2007; Hennig‐Pauka et al.…”

“…In contrast to human, dog, cat, and horse, the lungs of cattle, pigs, and sheep are markedly segmented, so that the (BALF) sample is only considered as representative for the lavaged lung segment (Collie et al, 2001;Reinhold et al, 2005). However, the lavage of the cranial lung lobes segment is very important as these lobes are the most frequently affected by respiratory pathogens (Reinhold et al, 2005;Došen et al, 2007;Hennig-Pauka et al, 2007). The BALF method has been widely discussed by Kiem and Schentag (2008).…”

“…The Streptococcus sp. is considered an important secondary agent in respiratory diseases of pigs (Gardner & Hird, 1990;Galina et al, 1994;Done & Paton, 1995;Christensen et al, 1999;Thanawongnuwech et al, 2000;Carr, 2001;Cloutier et al, 2003;Došen et al, 2007). The fosfomycin concentrations in ELF were above the MIC 90 value for Streptococcus during more than 8 h post i.m.…”

Intracellular Concentrations of Fosfomycin in Alveolar Macrophages from Weaning Piglets

“…They are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, they are considered one of the most significant problems in modern intensive swine production systems (Gardner and Hird, 1990;Galina et al, 1994;Done and Paton, 1995;Christensen et al, 1999;Thanawongnuwech et al, 2000;Carr, 2001;Cloutier et al, 2003;Dosen et al, 2007). The intracellular and interstitial fluids are the pulmonary biophase of facultative microorganisms such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchisceptica, Salmonella cholerasuis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus spp.…”