Free radicals are substances that can damage skin cell membranes and damage skin cells resulting in melanogenesis which is the main defense of the skin. So that antioxidants are needed as an antidote to free radicals that can inhibit or neutralize the bad effects of free radicals and are formulated in the form of peel-off masks to remove dirt and dead skin cells. Kokang leaves (Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh) is a plant rich in antioxidants originating from East Kalimantan which contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. This study aims to determine the characteristics and physical stability as well as determine the antioxidant activity of peel off mask preparations of kokang leaf extract (Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh), experimentally using the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results and conclusions obtained were that kokang leaf extract (Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh) peel off mask preparations 1 (0%), 2 (1%), 3 (2.5) and 4 (5%) had physical characteristics and stability good tests (meet standard requirements) including organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, drying time and viscosity. Testing the antioxidant activity using a concentration of 5%. Kokang leaf extract contains strong antioxidant activity with a value of 59,707 ppm, while kokang leaf extract peel off mask contains medium category antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 102,945 ppm.

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Chronic inflammation is common in infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and autoimmune diseases. However, using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is accompanied by dangerous side effects. Therefore, searching for safer alternative therapies without side effects is very important. A natural blend of ingredients produced by stingless bees from plants was potential as a remedy. Meanwhile, the potential of kelulut bee products from East Kalimantan as an anti-inflammatory is still unknown. This study aimed to compare the chemical composition of kelulut bee (Trigona apicalis) products and evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of honey, propolis, and their combination. Propolis extract and honey were determined as secondary metabolites. An anti-inflammatory in vivo assay triggered the edema using carrageenan on male mice and measured its anti-inflammatory power value. Propolis extract and honey from T. apicalis have a promising anti-inflammatory effect and are significantly higher than the positive control. Meanwhile, combining propolis extract and honey did not enhance the anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, combining honey and propolis preparations with a ratio of 75 : 25 has a better effect on reducing edema volume than the other two combinations. Still, it is not better than the treatment with propolis extract or honey alone. The content of polyphenol compounds found in honey and propolis preparations is thought to have an important role in reducing edema volume.

Background: Acne is described as an abnormal skin condition caused by the disruption of excess oil production and collaboration with bacteria. Aloe vera and citronella oil are plants that have antibacterial properties, including acne-causing bacteria. Purpose: To obtain a formulation that has an anti-acne effect. Method: This research method is experimental in which the formulation of citronella oil emulgel and aloe vera extract is made as much as 10-15 grams in each formula by varying the additional ingredients in each formulation. This formula was made from three different concentrations (F1 (6%:4%), F2 (4%:6%), and F3 (5%:10%)) and tested the physical stability, among others, organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, dispersion and antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Result: There was no significant difference between the organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity, and inclusion in the eligible category. In contrast, the dispersion test had a slight difference in F2 and F3, which did not meet the requirements. Conclusion: Inhibitory activity test of the preparations obtained the average diameter of citronella oil emulgel preparations and aloe vera extract at concentrations of F1 (6%:4%), F2 (4%:6%), and F3 (5%:10%) are 11 mm, 10.7 mm and 16 mm and the ability to inhibit bacteria by all concentrations was in a strong category. Among the three formulations known to have the most remarkable effectiveness was at F3 (5%:10%) with an inhibitory diameter of F3 16 mm.