This paper presents the characterization of the microbial community responsible for the in-situ bioremediation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Microbial community structure and function was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing methods for three sets of soil samples. The three samples were collected from a HCH-dumpsite (450 mg HCH/g soil) and comprised of a HCH/soil ratio of 0.45, 0.0007, and 0.00003, respectively. Certain bacterial; (Chromohalobacter, Marinimicrobium, Idiomarina, Salinosphaera, Halomonas, Sphingopyxis, Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas), archaeal; (Halobacterium, Haloarcula and Halorhabdus) and fungal (Fusarium) genera were found to be more abundant in the soil sample from the HCH-dumpsite. Consistent with the phylogenetic shift, the dumpsite also exhibited a relatively higher abundance of genes coding for chemotaxis/motility, chloroaromatic and HCH degradation (lin genes). Reassembly of a draft pangenome of Chromohalobacter salaxigenes sp. (∼8X coverage) and 3 plasmids (pISP3, pISP4 and pLB1; 13X coverage) containing lin genes/clusters also provides an evidence for the horizontal transfer of HCH catabolism genes.

The taxonomic position of a Gram-negative, non-motile, oxidase negative and catalase positive strain, A648 T , isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) dump site located in Lucknow, India, was ascertained by using a polyphasic approach. A comparative analysis of a partial sequence of the rpoB gene and the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain A648T belonged to the , were found to be less than 8 %. The major cellular fatty acids of strain A648T were 18 : 1v9c (19.6 %), summed feature 3 (15.9 %), 16 : 0 (10.6 %) and 12 : 0 (6.4 %). The DNA G+C content was 40.4 mol%. The polar lipid profile of strain A648 T indicated the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The predominant polyamine of strain A648 T was 1,3-diaminopropane and moderate amounts of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were also detected. The respiratory quinone consisted of ubiquinone with nine isoprene units (Q-9). On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons with other members of the genus Acinetobacter, strain A648 T is found to be a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter indicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A648 T (5DSM 25388 T 5CCM 7832 T ).

Objective. To study the correlation of cytomorphological Robinson's grading for breast cancers with a modified Bloom-Richardson histopathological grading. Materials and Methods. One hundred sixteen cytologically malignant breast tumour cases were included in this study and correlated with paraffin embedded sections. Breast lumps were varied from less than 1 cm to 11 cm in greatest dimension. FNA was performed from different sites of the breast lump, and smears were stained with Giemsa and H&E stain and evaluated for cytological grading according to Robinson's grading system. Paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and graded according to modified Bloom-Richardson grading system. Comparison between these two grading systems was done. Results. Cytologically grade I, grade II, and grade III cases were 13.8%, 64.65%, and 21.55%, respectively. Histologically 25%, 54.31%, and 20.69% cases were grade I, grade II, and grade III, respectively. Concordance rate between cytology and histology of grade I, grade II, and grade III tumors was 75%, 70.67%, and 60% respectively. The absolute concordance rate was 68.97%. Conclusion. In the era of multiple treatment modalities and neoadjuvant therapy, cytological grading can be used as a prognostic factor for better management of patients.

bIn this study, Acinetobacter sp. strain HA was isolated from the midgut of a fifth-instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera. Here, we report the draft genome sequence (3,125,085 bp) of this strain that consists of 102 contigs, 2,911 predicted coding sequences, and a G؉C content of 41%.A cinetobacter sp. strain HA was isolated from the midgut of a fifth-instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera collected from an agricultural field in Maharashtra, India (7). The strain exhibited enhanced esterase activity and facilitated the metabolism of the insecticide cypermethrin, which can thus contribute to insect resistance (1). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain HA using the Roche 454 GS (FLX Titanium) system (3-kb pairedend library; 511,555 reads) that led to ϳ45-fold coverage of the entire genome. The reads generated were assembled into 102 contigs by using Ray de novo assembler version 0.0.3 set at a k-mer length of 25 (3). The final assembly was validated using paired-end constraints (N 50 contigs, 68.4 kb). The draft genome was annotated using RAST version 4.0 (2), NCBI Prokaryotic Genomes Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/genomes/static/Pipeline.html), and the KEGG database (4).The draft genome of Acinetobacter sp. HA represents a genome size of 3,125,085 bp with an average GϩC content of 41%. A total of 2,911 protein-coding sequences and 932 hypothetical proteins were predicted on annotation. The genome contains 66 tandem repeats, and the coding density was calculated to be 84.83%. Sixtyfour predicted tRNA genes, representing all amino acids, were identified by using tRNAscan-SE (6). Four copies of 5S rRNA, 2 copies of 23S rRNA, and 2 copies of 16S rRNA were found in the sequence by using RNAmmer (5). In addition, 123 predicted transposase genes but no gene coding for pyruvate kinase, a key component in carbohydrate metabolism, were found. However, 3 polyglutamic acid (PGA) synthesis-related protein-coding genes responsible for biofilm formation were present. Also, the presence of genes coding for esterase enzyme have been observed. Annotations by RAST revealed 383 subsystems and 45 genes relevant to resistance to antibiotics, and toxic compounds were found. Among these, 9 genes coding for cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance and 14 coding for multidrug resistance efflux pumps were found. RAST results also indicated Acinetobacter lwoffii SH145 (score, 520), Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057 (score, 518), and Acinetobacter baumannii ACICU (score, 518) as the closest neighbors of strain HA. Detailed analysis of the genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. HA will further provide a comprehensive understanding toward predicting its role in metabolizing insecticides and hence conferring resistance to Helicoverpa armigera.Nucleotide sequence accession number. The genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. strain HA is available in GenBank under accession number AJXD00000000. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Strain L15(T), a Gram-negative, motile, orange colored bacterium was isolated from pond soil in the surrounding area of a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) dump site at Ummari village in Lucknow, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain L15(T) belongs to the family Hyphomicrobiaceae in the order Rhizobiales. Strain L15(T) showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Devosia chinhatensis IPL18(T) (98.0%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl, C16:0 and C18:0. The major polar lipids of strain L15(T) were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain L15(T) was 59.8%. Polyamine profile showed the presence of sym-homospermidine with traces of putrescine. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the major respiratory quinone present. Based on these data, strain L15(T) (=CCM 7977(T) =DSM 25398(T)) was classified as a type strain of a novel species, for which the name Devosia lucknowensis sp. nov. is proposed.