Modulating oxidative stresses and inflammation can potentially prevent or alleviate the pathological conditions of diseases associated with the nervous system, including ischemic optic neuropathy. In this study we evaluated the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities of Rhus coriaria (R. coriaria) extract in vivo. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for DPPH, ABTS and β–carotene were 6.79 ± 0.009 µg/mL, 10.94 ± 0.09 µg/mL, and 6.25 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. Retinal ischemia was induced by optic nerve crush injury in albino Balb/c mice. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of R. coriaria (ERC) and linoleic acid (LA) on ocular ischemia was monitored using Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT). Following optic nerve crush injury, the mice treated with 400 mg/kg of ERC and LA exhibited an 84.87% and 86.71% reduction of fluorescent signal (cathepsin activity) respectively. The results of this study provide strong scientific evidence for the neuroprotective activity of the ERC, identifying LA as one of the main components responsible for the effect. ERC may be useful and worthy of further development for its adjunctive utilization in the treatment of optic neuropathy.

In this study was found that inflammation in interstitial lung tissue of mice C57Bl/6 after intratracheal injection of the bleomycin is accompanied by the increase of the bone marrow and circulating blood cells with the phenotype (CD3, CD45R (B220), Ly6C, Ly6G (Gr1), CD11b (Mac1), TER-119), Sca-1 + , c-Kit + , CD34 -(hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocytic (CFU-GEMM) and granulocyte precursors (CFU-G)). These results demonstrate that the intraperitoneal reserpine injection reduces alveolar interstitium and alveolar passages infiltration by inflammatory cells and prevents the connective tissue growth in the lung parenchyma. Supposedly, the reserpine anti-inflammatory effect is caused by the reduced activity of the bone marrow HSCs differentiation in CFU-G, the decrease of circulating HSCs and progenitor hematopoietic cells and the violation of their migration in bleomycin-treated lungs. These data suggest the decrease caused by the reserpine in deposition of collagen fibers in the lung's parenchyma associated with the decrease in the inflow of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblast progenitor bone marrow-derived cells to lungs. Thus, reserpine violates the MSCs differentiation into fibroblast-like cells.

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