No abstract

Wood plant in-vitro propagation is currently widely used and is not limited to the preparation of superior seeds but has been widely utilized for the production of phytopharmaceuticals and the production of a valuable and specific tree for the benefit of man. Studies focused on the influence of explant collection seasons, selection of basic media, and plant growth hormone. The results of the study showed the magnitude of the variables that must be considered in the propagation of tissue cultures even in the same species and types of cultures. The period of January and March is the best time for explant retrieval because it provides the best explant response in bud breakage, lowest browning, and best bud induction. The basic media of MS (Murashige & Skoog), as well as its various modifications and the basic medium of WPM (Wood Plant Medium), tend to be widely chosen as the basic media at various levels of subcultures in many woody plant species. The application of growth regulators shows a tendency to use BAP (benzyl amino purine) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) whose application is separately or in combination with a certain concentration according to the species and subculture phase. Other plant growth regulators (PGRs) that are also quite widely used are the IBA (indole butyric acid), IAA (indole acetic acid), and G3 (gibberellic acid) groups which are used in the multiplication and rooting stages. The information from the study can be used as basic information at the stage of optimizing tissue culture activities in different species, explanatory, and regeneration types. The success of the optimization stage will be used as an improvement to the previous woody plant tissue culture protocol so that optimization of success is achieved. In vitro propagation is always associated with the number of resources used, so efforts to improve in vitro protocols are a very important activity to evaluate that will lead to increased effectiveness to reduce resource inputs, and be able to realize low-cost wood plant tissue culture propagation.

Identification of methyl compounds from crude oil is an important baseline provenance to support the development of renewable bioenergy resources in Indonesia. Pongamia pinnata, known as Malapari, has great potential to be an alternative to renewable bioenergy resources and an environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels. Our analysis of four provenances of crude Pongamia oil has identified eight (8) methyl compounds with a relative value of >1%, i.e. palmitoleate, lenoleate, eicostrienoic, erucate, docosadienoic, nervonate, eicosapentaenoate and arachidate. The value of the individual methyl compounds varied in each provenance. The unsaturated fatty acid content of Pongamia crude was higher and needs to be balanced to maintain the physical properties of Pongamia biodiesel. In addition, the quality of the tested Pongamia crude oil from all provenances that show high acidity and water content in the crude oil but exceed the standard for biodiesel (SNI 04-7182-2006) shows a need for improvement advanced process. The variations of the methyl compounds found in each provenance can be used as a selection basis for the development of products in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.